Chemistry, 14: Organic chemistry

Cards (68)

  • Name and draw CH4
    methane
    H
    H - C - H
    H
  • Name and draw C2H6
    Ethane
    H H
    H-C - C - H
    H H
  • Name and draw C2H4
    Ethene
    H H
    C = C
    H H
  • Name and draw C2H5OH
    H H
    H - C - C - O - H
    H H
  • A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms
  • The general formula states the ratio
    E.g., C3H8
  • The structural formula shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
    E.g.
    H H H
    H - C - C - C - H
    H H H
  • The displayed formula shows the symbol for each atom in the compound
    E.g., CH3CH2CH3
  • Compounds ending in …ane are in the alkane family
    They have no functional group
  • Compounds ending in …ene are in the alkene family
    They are part of the C=C functional group
  • Compounds ending in …anol are part of the alcohol family
    They are part of the -OH functional group
  • Name and draw C3H6
    Propene
    H. H
    C = C - C - H
    H H H
  • Name and draw C4H8
    Butene
    H. H H
    C = C - C - C - H
    H H H H
  • What produces carbon dioxide on combustion?
    Coal
    Natural gas
    Fossil fuel
  • Methane is the main constituent of natural gas
  • Petroleum (crude oil) is a mixture of hydrocarbons which can be separated into useful fractions via fractional distillation
  • Smalller hydrocarbon chains have the lowest boiling point, and rises up the column and condenses at the top to be collected.
  • Larger hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point and is collected at the bottom of the column
  • Smaller hydrocarbons are light coloured runny liquids
  • Longer hydrocarbons are dark, sticky, and viscous.
  • The longer the molecule, the stronger the intermolecular force and therefore the lower down the fraction it is.
  • Shorter hydrocarbons are more volatile and forms vapour easily
  • Shorter hydrocarbons burn more easily, meanwhile longer hydrocarbons are harder to burn.
  • Shorter hydrocarbons have a blue flame with almost no smoke, meanwhile longer hydrocarbons have a smoky yellow flame
  • Refinery gas, a short chain hydrocarbon, can be used as bottled gas for heating and cooking
  • Gasoline can be used as fuel in cars
  • Naptha is used as a feedstock for making chemicals
  • Diesel is used as fuel in diesel engines
  • Bitumen is used for road surfaces
  • Lubricating oil is used for lubricants, waxes, and polishes.
  • Kerosene is used for jet fuel
  • Name the fractions
    (Top to bottom)
    • Refinery gas
    • Gasoline
    • Naptha
    • Kerosene
    • Diesel
    • Fuel
    • Lubricant
    • Bitumen
  • The homologous series is a group of compounds that have the same functional group and the same general formula along with similar chemical properties.
  • What do all members of the homologous series have?
    Same general formula
    Same functional group
    Similar chemical properties
  • What is the formula for alkanes?

    CnH2n + 2
  • What is the formula for alkenes?
    CnH2n
  • What is the formula for alcohols?

    CnH(2n+1)OH
  • Alkanes are saturated, they only contain a single bond between the carbon atoms
  • Alkanes are obtained from crude oil via fractional distillation
  • Alkanes are mostly un-reactive, apart from burning