Save
Chemistry IGCSE
Chemistry, 14: Organic chemistry
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Learn
Created by
Ts
Visit profile
Cards (68)
Name and draw CH4
methane
H
H
- C -
H
H
Name and draw C2H6
Ethane
H
H
H-C
- C -
H
H
H
Name and draw C2H4
Ethene
H
H
C
=
C
H
H
Name and draw
C2H5OH
H
H
H
- C - C - O -
H
H
H
A
hydrocarbon
is a compound that contains only
hydrogen
and carbon atoms
The
general
formula states the
ratio
E.g., C3H8
The
structural formula
shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
E.g.
H
H
H
H
- C - C - C -
H
H
H
H
The displayed formula shows the symbol for each atom in the compound
E.g.,
CH3CH2CH3
Compounds ending in …ane are in the
alkane
family
They have
no
functional group
Compounds ending in …ene are in the
alkene
family
They are part of the
C=C
functional group
Compounds ending in …anol are part of the
alcohol
family
They are part of the
-OH
functional group
Name and draw C3H6
Propene
H. H
C =
C
-
C
- H
H
H
H
Name and draw C4H8
Butene
H.
H
H
C =
C
- C - C -
H
H
H
H H
What produces carbon dioxide on combustion?
Coal
Natural gas
Fossil fuel
Methane
is the main constituent of
natural gas
Petroleum
(crude oil) is a mixture of hydrocarbons which can be separated into useful fractions via
fractional distillation
Smalller hydrocarbon chains have the
lowest
boiling point, and rises up the column and
condenses
at the top to be collected.
Larger
hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point and is collected at the
bottom
of the column
Smaller hydrocarbons are
light
coloured
runny
liquids
Longer hydrocarbons are dark,
sticky
, and
viscous.
The longer the
molecule
, the stronger the intermolecular force and therefore the lower down the fraction it is.
Shorter hydrocarbons
are more volatile and forms
vapour
easily
Shorter
hydrocarbons burn more easily, meanwhile
longer
hydrocarbons are harder to burn.
Shorter hydrocarbons have a
blue
flame with almost no
smoke
, meanwhile longer hydrocarbons have a smoky yellow flame
Refinery gas, a short chain hydrocarbon, can be used as bottled gas for
heating
and
cooking
Gasoline
can be used as
fuel
in cars
Naptha
is used as a
feedstock
for making chemicals
Diesel
is used as fuel in
diesel
engines
Bitumen
is used for
road surfaces
Lubricating oil
is used for lubricants, waxes, and polishes.
Kerosene
is used for
jet
fuel
Name the fractions
(Top to bottom)
Refinery
gas
Gasoline
Naptha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel
Lubricant
Bitumen
The
homologous series
is a group of compounds that have the same
functional
group and the same general formula along with similar chemical properties.
What do all members of the homologous series have?
Same
general
formula
Same
functional
group
Similar
chemical
properties
What is the formula for
alkanes
?
CnH2n
+
2
What is the formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the formula for
alcohols
?
CnH(2n+1)OH
Alkanes are
saturated
, they only contain a single bond between the
carbon
atoms
Alkanes
are obtained from
crude oil
via fractional distillation
Alkanes are mostly
un-reactive
, apart from
burning
See all 68 cards