If-

• “If-” - conditional - a man speaking to his son about the consequences of his actions - he is encouraging him to conduct himself properly
• “If you can” - listing/anaphora = life is full of consequences through the use of the conditional - your conduct is impactful - fatherly advice in 2nd person but carries an universal message - persona speaking to the reader
• “keep your head” - synecdoche - head closely relates to calmness and your composure which his son should keep even if others aren’t
• Impératives - “don’t deal in lies” - didactic/ emphatic - importance of balance
• “If you can dream - and not make dreams your master” - emphasis of balance as he should have ambitions but he shouldn’t day dream or dream about unrealistic things
• “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster” - personification and they are also called “two imposters” - life will inevitably have both but the word «“imposters” may suggests that they come unannounced but short-lived
• “Twisted by naves” - metaphor for dishonest men - patience despite people manipulating what you say - warning of bad things that may happen to you
• “or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, And stoop and build ‘em with worn-out tools” - metaphor for human potential as we can still build our lives up despite being worn out tools - resilience
• “one heap of all your winnings” - metaphor of successes in life - creates image of money on a table
• “pitch and toss” is a gambling game - imagery of risk - people should take risks in life and shouldn‘t be afraid to do so
• “And risk it” “And lose” - repetition - persistence and continuing to put in all of your effort despite any challenges
• “never breathe a word about your loss” - stoicism - not complaining during hard times - resilient - getting on with it
• “heart and nerve and sinew” - synecdoche - giving all of your effort to get back on track
• “hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!´ - repetition and personification of willpower as it can speak and tell them to hold on your willpower says them to hold on - inspiring others with your own resilience
• “If all men count with you, but none too much” - contrasting ideas = balance - you should walk with everyone whilst maintaining your integrity - strong self-belief - nobody can hurt you
• “Yours is the Earth” - hyperbole = emphasises great opportunity if he uses free will for good and to reap rewards instead of consequences
• • “And - which is more - you’ll be a Man, my son! ”
  • Dashes - emphasis to the fact that being a Man is more importance
  • Capitalisation - great importance to be a good man
  • Exclamation mark = encouragement
• Tone - advisory/didactic/optimistic/emphatic
• • structural techniques:
  • dramatic monologue - encouragement and inspiring hope
  • iambic penteter = well balanced/controlled - makes the text more musical and memorable - also gives your writing a cadence which establishes a sense of order and flow
  • rhyme scheme - AAAABCBC (1st stanza) - maybe wanting to engage the reader/his son at the beginning + ABABCDCD = conversational/constancy
• • Themes:
  • stoicism
  • parent/child relationships
  • Advice/guidance
  • virtuous living
  • balance
  • patience
  • persistence