sepearating mixtures

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ava studdart

Cards (22)

What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.
What does a mixture contain? 
Two or more substances physically combined.
What is a solution? 
A mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent
what is a solute?
the minor component in a solution
what is a solvent
able to dissolve other substances.
What does soluble mean?
A substance that can dissolve in water
What does insoluble mean?
A substance that cannot dissolve in water
what is a precipitate
an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution
what factors affect dissolving
surface area, temperature, amount of stirring
What is evaporation 
When a liquid slowly turns into a gas below its boiling point
what is crystallization 
A separation technique used to obtain crystals of a soluble solute
how do you carry out evaporation/crystallization
solution is placed in an evaporating basin and heated with a Bunsen burner.
The volume of the solution has decreased because some of the water has evaporated. Solid particles begin to form in the basin.
All the water has evaporated, leaving solid crystals behind.
what is distillation? 
boiling followed by condensation
how is distillation carried out? 
The process of distillation begins with heating a liquid to boiling point. The liquid evaporates, forming a vapor. The vapor is then cooled, usually by passing it through pipes or tubes at a lower temperature. The cooled vapor then condenses, forming a distillate
how to carry out carry out chromatography 
You apply a mixture to the stationary phase, then place it in a solvent or mobile phase. As the solvent moves, it carries the different components of the mixture, separating them into distinct bands or spots on the stationary phase.
why is chromatography carried out
to help identify substances
how do we find out Rf values
Rf = distance traveled by the compound / distance traveled by the solvent front
why do we use Rf values 
it helps us quantify and compare the movement of different compounds on the stationary phase.
how to determine the most soluble substance from a chromatogram
look at the distance traveled by each substance on the chromatogram. The substance that travels the farthest is typically the most soluble in the solvent used
how to determine the most soluble substance from Rf values
The substance with the highest Rf value is generally the most soluble in the solvent used
what is the mobile phase
liquid or gas that carries the sample components along the stationary phase.
what is the stationary phase
a solid or liquid phase that doesn't move with the sample