Graphics

• advantages of computer-aided design

  - CAD library

  - speed

  - storage

  - accuracy
• disadvantages of computer-aided design

  - data theft/viruses

  - power/system failures

  - expense, training
• advantages of manual methods

  - low cost

  - can be produced on site

  - not prone to viruses/data theft

  - freehand drawing are a quick way of generating a range of ideas
• disadvantages of manual methods

  - each graphic must be drawn separately

  - storage space

  - cannot be sent electronically

  - slower

  - less accurate

  - environmental effect (paper)
• role of preliminary graphics


  used at the design stage to generate ideas and allow for evaluation of ideas
• role of production drawings

  drawings that include dimensions and technical details so that products can be made and buildings constructed
• role of promotional graphics

  used in advertising to promote a product
• extrude


  When 2D profiles can be pulled into 3D shapes

  
• revolve


  Tool to rotate a profile around an axis to make a 3D feature

  
• shell


  Tool to remove the interior of a 3D feature - hollowing it out

  
• substraction


  3D feature that is used to remove material from another feature.
• fillet


  The command that allows an edge to be replaced by a curve.

  
• chamfer


  The command that allows an edge to be replaced by an angled face.

  
• mate command


  An assembly command, whereby two faces join each other.
• align


  An assembly command, whereby two faces line up with each other.
• centre axis


  To align cylindrical objects, circular edges or circular faces.

  
• Advantages of computer-aided design/draughting libraries

  - Same component can be reused

  - Standardisation

  - Speeds up process

  - No need to re-draw repeated components
• what is a location plan?

  Drawing that identifies the location of the proposed new building within its surroundings

  
• use and scale of location plan

  scale - 1:1250

  use - helps builder plan layout of building and is required by local planning officers
• information on a location plan


  Neighbouring buildings and boundaries, roads, street names and fields
• what is a site plan?

  Plan that shows site boundary and outline of new building

  
• scale and use of site plan


  scale - 1:200

  use - helps builder to mark out site, lay drainage pipes and build manholes
• information on a site plan


  Paths, roads and neighbouring plots (also contour lines, drainage pipes and manholes)
• what is a floor plan?

  sectional view of house that shows arrangement of rooms

  
• scale and use of floor plan


  scale - 1:50

  use - used by builders, electricians and joiners to help plan the construction work and to cost building materials
• information on floor plan


  positions of windows and doors, types of internal and external walls
• what is a sectional view?

  A cross-section showing a slice through the wall
• scale and use of sectional view


  scale - 1:20

  use - gives builders, joiners and roofers information about how the house should be built
• information on sectional view


  structural features (e.g. floorboards, joists etc.)
• what is an elevation?

  orthographic projection of a building produced by the architect or designer
• information on elevations


  style of building, external appearance, roof style, positions of doors, windows and chimneys.
• alignment


  The placement of text and graphics so they line up on the page.line
• use of alignment


  • create order

  • group items

  • organize page elements

  • create visual connections
• dominance


  when a graphic stands out more than others
• use of dominance


  to provide visual emphasis to a certain thing
• line


  The use of lines on a page
• use of line


  - separate parts of a layout

  - connect parts of the layout

  - create emphasis by underlining

  - create physical connections between graphics
• Unity


  When different elements come together in a layout
• use of unity


  to create a sense of wholeness and a visually logical page (can be created by proximity, repitition etc.)
• Depth


  The creation of the illusion of depth in a layout