cell1

• Major parts of the cell


  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
• Cell membrane


  Also called plasma membrane or plasmalemma, semi-permeable, all membranes are phospholipid bilayers with embedded proteins
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like matrix that surrounds the nucleus and is bounded by the cell membrane, contains dissolved nutrients, helps break down waste products, and moves material around the cell, the living substance of the cell

  
• Cytosol


  The fluid portion of a cell's cytoplasm, contains water, free proteins, and other substances, where a major part of cellular metabolism takes place, contains the cytoskeleton

  
• Organelles


  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondrion
  • Golgi complex
  • Lysosomes
  • Peroxisome
  • Nucleus

  
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  • Concerned with intracellular transport, smooth ER is agranular and site for synthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids, rough ER is granular and receives proteins synthesized by ribosomes

  
• Mitochondrion


  • Motile, also known as the powerhouse because they release energy for the cell, ATP generation happens in the matrix, undergoes self replication, contains DNA

  
• Golgi complex


  • Stacked, flattened membranes, transports substance to and from the cell, modifies, packages and transports protein, produces lysosomes

  
• Lysosomes


  • Simple tiny spherical sac-like structures, surrounded by a single membrane and contains powerful enzymes capable of digesting or breaking down all organic materials, known as suicide bags
• Peroxisome


  • Breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, detoxification of alcohol and other toxic compounds, formed by budding off the endoplasmic reticulum
• Nucleus


  • A rounded structure at the center of the cell, controls the metabolic activities, frequently the largest structure in the cell, contains the DNA