Transport in cells

• Hypertonic

  -More concentrated solution than in the cells
• Isotonic

  -Same concentration as the solution in the cells
• Hypotonic

  -More dilute than the solution in the cells
• Osmosis: Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
• Active Transport: Movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution. The energy is provided by respiration.
• Diffusion: The spreading of the particles of a gas or substances solution, resulting in a net movement of particles from a region where they are of a higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• State three places where diffusions occurs in the body.


  Intestines, Lungs, Kidneys
• Concentration Gradient: The difference in the concentration of a substance between two places.
• What three factors affect the rate of diffusion?

  Concentration gradient, temperature, and surface area.
• What is surface area to volume ratio?

  The size of a surface compared to its volume.
• Small intestines adaptation (for diffusion)


  Have villi to increase surface area, good blood supply, thin membranes.
• Lungs adaptation (for diffusion)


  Have alveoli to increase surface area, good blood supply, thin membranes, they are ventilated.
• Gills in fish adaptations (for diffusion)

  Have gill filaments and lamella to increase surface area, good blood supply, thin membranes.
• Roots adaptation (for diffusion)

  Have root hair cells to increase surface area.
• Leaves adaptation (for diffusion)

  Large surface area, thin and stomata.
• Partially permeable membrane: A membrane that allows some substances to pass through but not all.
• What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?

  It will lose water by osmosis and shrivel.
• What happens to an animal cell in hypotonic solution?

  It will absorb water by osmosis and is bigger/burst.