Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual way.
Cartographers gather and use a large amount of data to draw maps.
Maps use a spatial perspective to show spatial patterns.
Maps reveal spatial patterns that result from a specific process.
Maps summarize political, economic, and cultural aspects of the world by showing the sizes and shapes of countries, features such as mountain ranges and rivers, and distances between locations
A spatial perspective is a geographic outlook that seeks to identify and explain the uses of space, and it helps to explain spatial patterns, the placement or arrangement of objects on Earth’s surface.
This photo represents time-distance decay. This states that near things are more related than distant things, and interaction between two places decreases the farther apart they are.
parallel (latitude) measure in 10-degree intervals, east to west of the equator.
meridian (longitude) measures in 15-degree intervals, north to south from pole to pole.
GPS: a network of satellites that uses latitude and longitude coords to determine specific locations
Maps are usually inaccurate in either, shape, size, distance, or direction.
graduated circle map (thematic): using a symbol/circle to represent a numerical value
dot density map (thematic): one dot represents a certain amount of an object
chloroplethmaps (thematic): shows data for a geographic area using different colors to represent different values.
cartogram map (thematic): distorts the shape of an area to show the size of a variable.
Mercator projection:
strengths: direction/shape
purpose: navigation
weaknesses: distance (distorts near the north and south poles), size
Peters Projection:
strengths: size
purpose: shows accurate size
weaknesses: shape, distance, direction
Goode Homolosine Projection:
strengths: shape, size
purpose: accurate areas
weaknesses: distance, direction
Robinson Projection:
strengths: size, shape
purpose: aesthetics
weaknesses: distance in polar, direction
relative location: recognizing a place in relation to other places
absolute location: exact spot on a map, uses coords or address
sense of place: a construct of a place made up of beliefs, emotions, and actions done in the place
Time-space compression: decreasing distance between places, measured by time travel or cost
interdependence: relations between regions and countries that create a global economic system. There is a 2-way flow of goods, money, people, and ideas that create dependencies.
Diffusion: pattern when the movement of people or their ideas, technologies, or preferences spreads from one location to another through space and time.
Expansion diffusion: ideas/practices spread throughout a population
types of expansion diffusion: hierarchical, contagious, stimulus
hierarchical diffusion: when ideas jump from important people, community or city to rural areas
contagious diffusion: when ideas spread rapidly, without regard of hierarchy
stimulus diffusion: when a specific trait is rejected, but the overall idea spreads.
relocation diffusion: when people with a specific idea or practice move to another location, bringing their idea with them.
environmental determinism: the idea that behaviour is determined by the environment and not by the individual
possibilism: the idea that the environment gives humans many ways to develop and ways to overcome environmental challenges
Local scale analysis: identifies, and analyzes what happens within a state, city, or neighborhood
national scale analysis: identifies, and analyses what happens in a country
region: geographical unit based on one or more unifying characteristics, functions, or patterns of activity that are taking place
Formalregion: region that is inhabited people with one or more traits in common, eg. language/religion
Functionalregion: also known as, nodal region. This regional is organized to function politically, socially, culturally, or economically by itself
Nodes: central point where function are coordinated/directed. eg. city halls, churches, capitals
Metropolitanarea: heavily populated urban core and its less populate areas are farther from the inner city
Vernacular regions: region based off the feelings and attitudes of the people living in the area
regional analysis: examining patterns and processes within and between at multiple geographic scales: local, national, regional, global
globalization: when businesses and other organizations start to operate on a global scale, with international influence
sustainability: practices that meet the needs of the present without ruining the future generations ability to meet their needs