Scientists try to group similar organisms together so that they are easier to identify
The five kingdoms are animal, plant, fungi, single-celled organisms and bacteria
The two types of animals are vertebrates which have a backbone and invertebrates which do not have a backbone
The two types of plants are flowering plants such as sunflowers which produces flowers to reproduce, and non-flowering plants such as moss which reproduce using spores
Morphological adaption is a structuralchange which gives an organism a greater chance of survival in its habitat
Behavioural adaption is the way an organismrespondstoitsenvironment which aids its survival.
Biodiversity and endangered species can be conserved and protected by CITIES,SSSI, captive breeding programmes, national parks, sperm banks and local biodiversity action plans.
Why are Quadrats impractical to count all the organisms in a population?
animals move during counting
some may die during counting
difficult to find the animals
What is a transect?
A transect is a straight line or path along a habitat. The number of organisms can be observed at certain points.
what can a transect be used for?
to investigate a gradual change in a habitat
Why is biodiversity important for humans?
source of food
industrial materials
potential for new medicines
Why would numbers in a population of organisms decrease?
competition for resources
predation
disease
pollution
What is an alien species?
A species which is notnative to a particular region or country
Biological control is the control of a pest by the introduction of a predator
what method is better than the Quadrat to estimate organism population?
capture/recapture method
chromosomes carry genetic information (DNA), which is found in the nucleus of the cell.
Genes exist In pair, and each gene creates a code that makes specificprotein
what Is mitosis?
a type of cell division, that when a cell divides each new cell produced has the same genetic information.
How many chromosomes does the human body contain?
46
Why do cells divide?
Cells divide when:
an organism grows
organisms need to replace worn-out cells
organisms need to repair damaged tissue
What are the two cells produced by mitosis called?
daughter cells
New daughter cells contain genetic information that is identical to the mother cell, and chromosomes numbers remain constant.
When a cell becomes cancerous it begins to grow and divide.
A group of cancerous cells produces a growth called a tumour.
What causes cancer?
Carcinogens cause cancer by damaging DNA which can cause mutations to occur
What is produced when a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg/ovum) fuse?
A zyogote
How many chromosomes do gamete’s have?
23
When the male and female gamete fuse, they become a zygote, which in turn becomes a new embryo containing the full 46 chromosome.
fertilisation is the fusion of gametes.
Gametes are formed by a type of cell division called meiosis
All gametes are geneticallydifferent from each other they show variation.