FHA Exam 3

• Accessory structures of the integumentary system


  • mammary glands
  • nails
  • hair
• Muscles that move the arm

  • Originate on the pectoral girdle and humerus
  • Insert on the radius, ulna, and/or carpals
• Deoxygenated blood and waste flow from the fetus to the placenta

  • one artery
  • two umbilical arteries
  • two umbilical veins
  • one umbilical vein
  • one vein
• The Q angle of a post-pubertal female would be greater than a post-pubertal male
• Changes that occur during prenatal development

  • Uterus will increase in size from about pear-sized to about water-melon sized
  • The uterus and contents will weigh about 22 pounds
  • Maternal abdominal organs are compressed and cease to function
• Most inferior aspect of the skeleton closest to the seat when sitting on a chair

  Ischial tuberosities
• Flexor retinaculum


  A transverse ligament that covers the carpal bones on the palmar side and forms the carpal tunnel
• Sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

  Move the thyroid and hyoid inferiorly or depress them
• The kidneys are not fully enclosed by the ribs for protection
• True for people with light skin

  • They should spend about 5-10 minutes several times a week in midday sun to ultimately produce vitamin D
  • Their skin cannot tolerate as much sun as people with darker skin before being damaged
• When a muscle is avulsed from the bone, it cannot regain full function within 4 weeks
• Deltoid muscle


  • Origin on the anterior surface of the lateral clavicle, the acromion process, and on the spine of the scapula
  • Insertion on the deltoid tubercle on the lateral aspect of the humerus
• Structures that create fingerprints

  • Dermal ridges of the epidermis
  • Stratum corneum of the epidermis
• Marfan syndrome


  A genetic condition that causes connective tissue to develop abnormally and affects the cardiovascular system, the skeletal system, and vision
• Paresthesia along the lateral aspect of the arm

  Indicates a problem or compression of nerves C5-C6
• The arrector pillae muscles pull on the hair follicle to pull the hair shaft into an upright position to "trap" air under the hair, theoretically creating a warming layer around us when we are chilly
• Radial nerve


  Formed from the brachial plexus
• Buccinator muscle


  Used by trumpet players to compress the cheeks, by infants when nursing, and by people in general to move food around the inside of the cheek and across the teeth during mastication
• Pectoralis major


  • Origin at the inferior and medial portion of the clavicle, the body of the sternum, and cartilages of ribs 2-6
  • Insertion at the lateral and anterior aspects of the proximal humerus (on the greater tubercle and intertubercular sulcus)
  • Performs flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the shoulder

  
• Prenatal development


  Also known as the gestation period and takes 40 weeks
• Bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb

  • Pubis
  • Femur
  • Ischium
  • Tibia
• Lymphatic system


  When cancerous cells/tissue is removed, nearby lymphatic tissue is also removed or checked to see if the cancer has spread
• Females do not have all their "eggs" at birth, and males do not have many of their sperm cells at birth
• Problem with the kidneys

  Causes low blood pressure, anemia, frequent urination, muscle cramps and twitches due to toxins affecting the nervous system
• Muscles that move the arm may originate on

  • The axial skeleton
  • The pectoral/shoulder girdle and thoracic cage
• Nerves that might cause nerve conduction problems to muscles that move the foot at the ankle

  • Superior gluteal nerve
  • Obturator nerve
  • Femoral nerve
  • Sciatic nerve
• Hand placement on the hips

  Most of the hand would be resting on the iliac crest
• Actions of the intercostal muscles when contracted


  • Elevate the ribs
  • Depress the ribs
• Scapular movements


  • Elevation/depression, protraction/retraction (abduction/adduction), rotation
• Tendons providing stability at the shoulder


  • Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
• The diaphragm contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation
• Components of the reproductive system


  • Reproductive tract
  • Accessory glands
  • Gonads (testes/ovaries)
• Motions performed by muscles originating on the posterior of the femur and inserting on the posterior of the tibia

  • Hip extension
  • Knee flexion
• Maintaining optimal skeletal alignment and reducing joint injury risk

  • Maintain strong muscles with a balance between agonist and antagonist groups
  • Maintain flexibility

  
• Sperm development requires a temperature slightly below normal body temperature, which is why the testicles are "outside" of the body
• Melanocytes


  Cells deep in the epidermis that produce melanin which gives skin its color
• Structure located on the superior surface of each kidney

  Adrenal gland
• Anterior patella


  • Attachment site for the quadriceps tendon
• Joint where the humerus articulates at its distal end

  Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
• Joint that is the only true bony articulation of the entire upper extremity with the axial skeleton

  Sternoclavicular joint