english

• VERBALS AND ITS TYPES

  -a verb being used as another part of speech rather than a verb 
• 3 types of verbals

  -participles

  -gerunds

  -infinitives
• Verbal phrase

  -centered around a verb form

  -not used as a verb

  -used as a noun, adjective, or adverb
• PARTICIPLE 

  -act as an adjective (describing words)
• 2 KINDS OF PARTICIPLE

  • PRESENT PARTICIPLE

  -end in -ing

  Ex. Clinging, sinking, winding, running 

  • PAST PARTICIPLE

  -end in -ed/-n,-t-en (irregular)

  Ex. reserved, worn, buried, bent 
• There is always a helping verb if used as the main verb 
• GERUNDS

  -used as a noun

  -end in -ing
• INFINITIVES 

  -to + base form

  -used as a noun, adjective, adverb
• INFINITIVE AS A NOUN:

  Ex. 

  To eer is human (subject)

  Everyone should learn to cook (direct object)

  To see is to believe (predicate nominative)

  My friend has a new hobby, to cook (Appositive) 
• INFINITIVE AS AN ADJECTIVE:

  Ex.

  This year, celtisc is the team to beat

  The theater is the place to go
• INFINITIVE AS AN ADVERB:

  Ex. 

  Chimpanzees are quick to learn
• Gerund as a subject

  Pointing is impolite
• Gerund as a direct object

  Pamela likes skating
• Gerund as indirect object

  She gave running one hour of her time each day
• Gerund as object of preposition

  A friend of mine went a whole day without speaking
• Gerund as predicate nominative

  This year my favorite winter sport was skiing
• Gerund as an appositive

  Tommy has a new major, engineering
• ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

  -form of voices of sentence

  -use to determine the focus of the sentence
• ACTIVE VOICE

  -most convenient way to share ideas

  -subject is the doer of the action

  -direct and adds emphasis
• PASSIVE VOICE

  -subject is the receiver of the action

  -less direct
• Only sentences containing transitive verb can be changed from active to passive
• Active voice

  ex. Somebody rescued the child
• Passive voice

  ex. The child was rescued by somebody