SCIENCE

• Properties used to describe gas

  • Pressure
  • Temperature
  • Volume
• Container with smaller volume

  Experiences higher pressure than container with larger volume
• Units for describing gas pressure

  • Atm
  • torr
  • N/m2
  • Pa
  • mmHg
  • psi
• Number of gas particles

  More gas particles, more pressure exerted
• Gas has mass


  • More Mass
  • Less Mass
• Air can still be pumped inside a balloon even though it is already inflated since gas is compressible
• Boyle's Law


  The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure
• Boyle's Law examples


  • Water pressure increases with depth, causing lungs to get compressed
  • If pressure is doubled, volume will be reduced to half
  • Air bubbles increase in size as they approach the surface due to lower water pressure
  • Deep sea fishes die when brought to the surface due to increased volume of gases in their bodies
  • The volume inside a balloon will increase if brought to high altitude due to lower pressure
  • When the pressure of a bicycle tire decreases, the volume of the tire increases (tire becomes flat or less inflated)
• Boyle's Law is represented by an inverse proportion graph
• Charles' Law


  The volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant
• Charles' Law examples


  • A balloon expands when subjected to heat
  • Hot air balloon
  • Pressure Cooker
  • The volume of the dough increases as its temperature increases
• Charles' Law is illustrated by a direct proportion graph
• To determine the value of a dependent variable on a graph, get the intercept of the x and y value
• Monomers


  Single basic building units of all organic compounds, can be composed of more than one atom and exhibit repeated patterns
• Elements common in biomolecules

  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
• Carbohydrates


  Biomolecules that are the main source of energy, can be easily broken down, may cause weight gain
• Carbohydrates


  • Glucose
• Condensation Reaction


  The process of joining two monosaccharides to form a Disaccharide
• Polysaccharides


  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
• Amino Acids


  Building blocks of the biomolecule protein
• Amino acids


  Can be obtained from a protein-rich diet
• Enzymes


  Proteins that act as biological catalysts, speed up reactions in the body and eventually get used up in the process
• Major sources of protein

  • Eggs
  • Fish
  • Milk
• Proteins


  Help in building and repairing tissue
• Lipids


  The most abundant are fats and oils
• Lipids example


  • Oleic Acid
• Saturated fatty acids have no C=C double bonds.
• Nucleic Acids


  • DNA
  • RNA