Spanish

• Pluperfect tense

  Had + past participle
• Pluperfect tense

  • había jugado (I had played)
• Imperfect tense

  I used to
• Imperfect tense

  • viajaban (they used to travel)
• Present tense

  • comemos (we eat)
• Present continuous

  Estar + gerund
• Present continuous

  • estoy bebiendo (I am drinking)
• Near Future tense

  Ir a + infinitive
• Near Future tense

  • va a ir (he/she/it is going to go)
• Simple Future tense

  Infinitive + endings (é, ás, á, emos, éis, án)
• Simple Future tense

  • hablarán (they will speak)
• Conditional tense

  • comenzaría (I would start)
• Subjunctive

  Used for wishes, desires, expressions of emotion, impersonal expressions, recommendations and requests, doubt or denial
• Forming Subjunctive

  1. Use the root of the verb + subjunctive endings (e, es, e, emos, éis, en)

  2. Examples: Espero que llegue temprano (I hope he arrives early), Queremos que cocines cena (We want you to cook dinner), Es necesario que tenga una licencia (It's necessary we have a license)
• Idioms

  • pan comido - a piece of cake
  • Tomar el pelo - pulling your leg
  • Madrugar Dios le ayuda - early bird gets the worm
  • Llover a cántaros - raining cats and dogs
• Adjectives


  • Desagradecido - ungrateful
  • Inesperado - unexpected
  • Preocupado - worried
  • Reluctante - reluctant
  • Duradero - durable
  • Travieso - mischievous
  • Asqueroso - disgusting
  • Inadecuado - unsuitable
  • De poca confianza - untrustworthy
• Connectives


  • y - and
  • pero - but
  • o - or
  • ni - nor
  • para - for
  • por - for
  • así que - so
  • todavía - yet
  • aun - not yet
  • que yo sepa - as far as I know
  • aparte de - besides
  • tal como - such as
  • a pesar de - in spite of
  • en vez de - instead of
  • en concreto - specifically
  • tan pronto como - as soon as
  • hasta - until
  • por eso - that's why
  • al parecer - apparently
  • por consiguiente - consequently
• Irregular verbs in Spanish do not follow the standard conjugation patterns and must be memorized individually.
• -er verbs are irregular, meaning they have unique forms that need to be learned separately from other verbs.
• Regular -ar verbs in Spanish follow a specific pattern when conjugated in different tenses.
• ser pan comido

  a piece of cake
• Tomar el pela


  pulling your leg
• Aquien madruga Dios te ayuda


  early bird gets the worm
• llover cántaros

  raining cats and dogs
• laun


  not yet
• que yo sepa


  as far as I know
• a pesarde


  in spite of
• en vez de


  instead of
• tan pronto como

  as soon as
• por eso

  that's why