Final Review

• What is the name of a circumscribed flat area of the skin, different color, <1cm in size?


  Macule
• What is the name of a large macule, >1cm in diameter ?

  Patch
• What is the name of a small, solid, elevated lesion, <1 cm in diameter?

  Papule
• What is the name of a visible accumulation of purulent fluid under the skin, <1 cm in diameter?

  Pustule
• What is the name if a circumscribed elevation of the skin, contains serous fluid < 1cm in diameter?

  Vesicle
• What is the name of a solid mass of skin, observed as an elevation or can be palpated, >1 cm in diameter, and often extends into the dermis?

  Nodule
• What is the name of a blister, circumscribed elevation containing fluid, >1 cm in diameter, that only extends into the epidermis?

  Bulla
• What is the name of an elevated white or pink compressible papule or plaque, a red, axon-mediated flare often surrounds it.

  Wheal
• What is the name of any closed cavity or sac, contains fluid or semisolid material, normal or abnormal epithelium?

  Cyst
• what is the name of a localized collection of purulent fluid in a cavity formed by the disintegration of necrosis of tissues?


  Abscess
• What symptoms of acne do you refer for?

  cysts and scarring
• First-line treatment for acne?

  Benzoyl peroxide
• What is the most frequently used topical antibiotic for acne?

  Clindamycin
• What is the most commonly prescribed oral antibiotic for ance?

  Tetracycline- can not use less than 9 or when pregnant
• What are cotton wool spots on an optho exam associated with?

  Hypertension
• Normal IOP?


  10-20
• Asymptomatic, elevated IOP, cupping of the disc, constriction of the visual field?

  Open-angle glaucoma
• Extreme pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, pupils dilated or fixed?

  Closed-angle glaucoma
• Treatment for open-angle glaucoma?


  Prostaglandin analogs, beta-adrenergic blockers, miotic agents
• Treatment for cellulitis?


  Dicloxacillin or cephalexin
• Rapid progression of an erythematous, warm area is what? How do you treat it?

  Erysipelas and penicillin
• This rash has a herald patch and follows a Christmas tree pattern.

  Pityriasis Rosea
• What is the most common etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia?

  Streptococcus Pneumoniae
• What is a confirmatory diagnostic for COPD?

  Pulmonary function test- FEV1/FVC <0.7
• Treatment for low severity CAP?


  Amoxicillin or Doxycycline
• Treatment for moderate to high severity outpatient CAP?


  Amoxicillin/ clavulanate + Macrolide or Doxycycline or Monotherapy Fluroquinolone
• Most common cause of gastric ulcers?

  H. pylori
• What ulcer has pain that worsens with eating?

  Gastric
• What ulcer has pain relief with eating?

  Duodenal
• Treatment for H. Pylori?


  Metronidazole 500 mg BID, Omperazole 20 mg BID, and Clarithromycin 50 mg BID for 7 days
• Active hepatitis A serology?

  Anti-HAV, IgM
• Recovered hepatitis A serology?

  Anti-HAV, IgG
• Active hepatitis B serology?


  HBsAg, Anti-HBc, IgM
• Chronic hepatitis B serology?


  HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBe, IgM, IgG
• Recovered hepatitis B serology?


  Anti-HBc, Anti-HBs
• What does an enzyme immunoassay detect for hepatitis c?


  Antiboides
• What is used to determine prior exposure to hep c from a current infection?


  PCR
• Acute hepatitis b serology?


  Anti-HCV, HCV RNA
• Chronic hepatitis C serology?


  Anti-HCV, HCV RNA
• What is the sign on exam for cholecystitis and what is the confirmatory test?

  Murphys sign and ultrasound