Chemistry Unit 6

Subdecks (3)

Cards (179)

  • Temperature
    Measure of kinetic energy of atoms/molecules in a substance.
  • Heat
    Kinetic energy transferred from one object to another.
  • Kinetic Energy
    - Energy that comes from motion
    - Formula: KE-1/2mv2
  • Solid
    -Particles packed tightly together + vibrating
    -Low entropy (randomness of movement)
    -definite/well defined shape and volume
    -low energy
  • Liquid

    -Particles packed closely but can still pass through (think school hallways)
    -Medium entropy (randomness of motion)
    -impressible
    -definite/well defined volume
    -indefinite shape
    -medium energy
  • Gas
    -Particles are very far away from each other
    -High entropy (randomness)
    -compressible
    -Don't touch each other, if they do they bounce off each other
    -Indefinite shape and volume
    -High energy
  • Plasma
    -All the same qualities of gas, but their is enough energy that e's get stripped off.
    -high entropy (randomness)
    -Very high energy --> particles ionize
  • Inside a florescent light-bulb (when on), the flame portion of a fire, lighting, a grape cut mostly in half in a microwave...

    Examples of Plasma
  • States of matter
    solid, liquid, gas and plasma
  • Matter
    Anything that has mass and takes up space; 'stuff
  • intramolecular forces

    forces within molecules. Forces caused by the attraction and repulsion of charged particles/ hold molecules together within a molecule (Ionic bonds-metals+nonmetals, covalent bond-sharing of electrons, metallic bonding)
  • intermolecular forces
    forces of attraction between molecules (LDF, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding).
  • Polarizability
    the tendency of an electron cloud to distort
  • More molar mass and more electrons means...
    increased polarizability
  • Temperature vs Heat
    Heat is energy transferred from a hotter system to a cooler system while temp is measure of average KE of substances.
  • Kinetic Molecular Theory
    -Gas particles are in constant motion and exhibit perfectly elastic collisions (no loss in KE)
    -How Gassous materials behave
  • Electrons consitantly moving around, when more dense in one area it causes...
    Temporary dipoles
  • Melting
    solid to liquid
  • Freezing
    liquid to solid
  • Evaporating
    Liquid to gas
  • Vaporization
    Liquid to gas (Slower than boiling)
  • Condensing
    Gas to liquid
  • Sublimination
    solid to gas
  • Deposition
    gas to solid
  • The higher the mass/boiling point/surface area...
    highest London dispersion forces
  • Entropy
    Randomness of Particles
  • Triple points
    A substance is the temperature and pressure conditions at which the substance can exist in equilibrium as a solid, liquid, or gas
  • Boiling
    Liquid to gas (rapid compared to evaporation at boiling point)
  • Density
    mass/volume- how much "stuff" is in a given volume
  • Ideal Gas
    a hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory (KMT)
    -has no volume
    -no forces between particles
    -collide perfectly elastically (No loss in KE or velocity)
  • Latent heat of fusion
    heat released by freezing
  • Latent heat of vaporization
    heat required to vaporize
  • Conduction
    Heat transfer by touch
  • Convection
    Heat transfer through water or gas
  • Radiation

    When waves are absorbed, reflected, or transmitted.
  • Ionization
    the process of adding or removing electrons from an atom or molecule, which gives the atom or molecule a net charge; taking valence electrons of an atom
    *Gas to plasma
  • Deionization
    Removal of ions from a solution, return of valence electrons to atom
    *changing from plasma state to a gas
  • Critical point
    the temperature and pressure at which the gas and liquid states of a substance become identical and form one phase
  • If an object has high temp the particles have a ______ KE

    High (hotter objects have higher KE and temp; cooler objects have lower KE and temp).
  • Energy Transfer Rules
    Heat always goes from whatever is hot into whats cold