Chemistry exam

• Nuclear fission is the process by which a nucleus splits into smaller nuclei, releasing energy

  true
• Radioactive isotopes and nonradioactive isotopes of an element behave identically in chemical reactions

  False
• The majority of the electricity generated in France comes from nuclear power plants

  true
• A dirty bomb results in a nuclear explosion similar to that of an atomic bomb.

  False
• The earth's mantle consists mainly of metallic silicates.

  True
• Quartz is primarily composed of calcium carbonate.

  False
• Adding cobalt compounds to glass does not alter its color.

  False
• The primary components of cement are limestone and clay

  true
• The layer of the atmosphere where human interaction primarily occurs is known as the troposphere.

  True
• Nitrogen fixation is a process mainly carried out by bacteria in the soil

  True
• Photochemical smog can have detrimental effects on vegetation hundreds of miles away from its source.

  False
• Carbon sequestration involves storing CO2 underground to prevent its release into the atmosphere.Carbon sequestration involves storing CO2 underground to prevent its release into the atmosphere.

  True
• The majority of water available on the Earth's surface is safe for drinking without treatment.

  False
• Acid rain primarily affects areas with granite bedrock.

  False
• Phytoremediation involves passage of water effluent into large natural or constructed lagoons.

  True
• Bottled water often contains more dissolved ions compared to tap water

  False
• When a liquid is converted to a gas, there is an increase in entropy.

  True
• Nuclear fusion is the process of splitting atoms to release energy.

  False
• Energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings in an exothermic reaction.

  True
• The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

  True
• The genetic information of a cell is found in the ribosomes.

  False
• Cellulose and starch can both be digested by humans.

  False
• Changing one amino acid in a protein sequence will always have a negative effect.

  False
• Gene therapy has been widely used in treating people who have a genetic disease.

  False
• Processed foods generally contain less nutrients than unprocessed foods

  True
• Trace elements such as iron and zinc are helpful but not required for the proper functioning of the human body.

  False
• Fat-soluble vitamins are retained in the body longer than water-soluble vitamins.

  True
• Most illnesses caused by food contamination are a result of chemical additives rather than biological contamination.

  False
• Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.

  False
• A placebo is an inactive substance that is given to some patients when the effectiveness of a new drug is being tested.

  True
• Progestins are synthetic hormones used in birth control pills to mimic the hormonal effects of pregnancy.

  True
• A placebo often produces real improvements in patient condition due to psychological effects.

  True
• Fast-twitch muscle fibers are predominantly used during long-distance running to improve endurance.

  False
• Eating a diet high in saturated fats can increase the risk of developing heart disease.

  True
• The human body can produce all the amino acids it needs, making dietary protein unnecessary.

  False
• Vitamin C deficiency can lead to a disease known as scurvy.

  True
• The three primary plant nutrients found in fertilizers are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

  True
• More nitrogen is fixed by lightning than by bacteria.

  False
• Juvenile hormones act by speeding up insect development

  False
• A preemergent herbicide should be applied to fields to kill weeds before crop seedlings emerge.

  True