Apush Unit 3

• Albany Plan of Union proposed by Benjamin Franklin: intercolonial gov system of collecting taxes - attempt at uniting colonies - was rejected bc colonies didn't want to give up freedom to tax themselves


  1754
• Seven Years' War (French and Indian): Colonists moved into Ohio Valley - territorial conflict


  1754-1763
• Attacked colonial outposts, in response to English victory in war and unfair treatment of natives

  Pontiac's Rebellion
• Proclamation of 1763: forbidding settlement west of Appalachians (ends salutary neglect)

  1763
• "Taxation without representation" - The British King believed the colonies should be responsible for paying the war debt: Sugar Act (1764), Stamp Act (1765), and Quartering Act (1765)
• Colonists (following James Otis) believed they should not be taxed as they did not choose who was in parliament
• Backlash: Sons on Liberty

  A collection of protest groups against the act, was effective: The Stamp Act was repealed in 1677, replaced by the Declaratory Act (British gov has right to tax)
• Boston Tea Party, British responded w/ Intolerable Acts


  1773
• Boston Massacre: mob pets soldiers, a soldier fires, others follow, and 5 citizens are killed


  1770
• Committees of Correspondance: trade political ideas, unification

  1772
• First Continental Congress: a combination of delegates from colonies, goal: address and compile grievances


  1774
• Articles of Confederation (1777)

  • Weaknesses: no power to tax, No standing army (shays rebellion), No consistent economic plan (no unity between colonies), No ability to act w/out 9/13 state consent (made it hard to change things)
  • Strengths: Northwest Ordinance of 1787 - sold land to raise money for federal gov, abolished slavery in northwest territories, Gave structure to include more states, Protection of individual rights
• Constitutional Convention (1787)


  1. Federalism (state gov = federal gov)

  2. Great Compromise (combination of Virginia and New Jersey Plan) - HOR and Senate

  3. Three-Fifths Compromise: ⅗ enslaved Americans count for congress

  4. Commerce Compromise: fed gov = dictate between states, state = within the state

  5. Presidency: 4 term
• First Party System


  • Federalists
  • Democratic-Republicans
• Federalist Leaders

  • Hamilton, Washington, Adams, Jay, Marshall
• Democratic-Republican Leaders


  • Jefferson, Madison
• Federalists


  Economy based on Commerce
• Democratic-Republicans


  An economy based on agriculture
• Federalists


  Strong Federal Gov
• Democratic-Republicans


  Strong State Gov
• Federalists


  Loose Construction
• Democratic-Republicans


  Strict Construction
• Federalists


  National Bank: "necessary"
• Democratic-Republicans


  National Bank: "desirable"
• Federalists


  Sympathetic to Britan
• Democratic-Republicans


  Sympathetic to France
• Washington's farewell address: Need for Separation of Powers, Against Political Parties (threatens unity), don't get involved with external influences (alliances)
• Republican Motherhood (1800): Women's role was to educate children that would contribute positively to the United States
• Adams Presidency (Federalist)


  1. XYZ affair - French officials demanded a bride before allowing negotiations to begin, which was publicized

  2. Alien and Sedition Acts - allows gov to expel foreigners, restricted free speech
• Last attempt at peace: Olive Branch Petition (1775)
• Declaration of Independence (1776): laid out colonists grievances, individual liberty
• • Common Sense by Thomas Pain: Pamphlet, written in common language for the people