RnW

• Brainstorming

  The process of writing specific topics from different sources
• Alex Faickney Osborn (1953)

  • A group or individual creative technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members
• Brainstorming techniques

  • Idea listing
  • Idea mapping
  • Cubing
  • Free writing
  • Researching
• Idea listing

  Simply involves listing down ideas about a particular topic
• Idea mapping

  Visual representation of ideas and their connections with one another, also called web clustering
• Cubing


  An idea is examined from 6 distinct viewpoints
• Cubing


  1. A cube may be used individually by giving the student his/her own cube to work with

  2. The student is then instructed to work with one or many areas of the cube

  3. As a group work, the cube can be rolled to provide each student with an area of responsibility
• 6 distinct viewpoints of cubing


  • Describe
  • Compare
  • Associate
  • Analyze
  • Apply
  • Argue
• Vocabulary or word


  • Define - say something in order to convey information and opinion or a feeling
  • Antonyms - with hold, hold on, mute, be quiet etc.
  • Synonyms - express, talk, pronounce, vocalize, utter etc.
  • Use it in a sentence - I speak in a low voice
  • Plural - speak
  • Singular - speaks
• Free writing


  Writing what comes into your mind; continuous writing without inhibitions and not minding errors in spelling and grammar
• Researching


  Going to library or checking our websites on the internet, then making a list or map of new ideas
• Advantages of Brainstorming


  • It encourages creative thinking
  • All ideas are accepted
  • It makes everyone part of the team
  • It is exciting and easy
• Disadvantages of Brainstorming


  • It only works when everyone in the room has something to say
  • People with high emotions are not allowed
  • Group with a large members will not be effective
  • Without strict control or leader present the group may take long time to get the solution
• Graphic Organizers

  • Visual representation of concepts that helps us structure information into organizational patterns
  • Presents essential information and connects these pieces of information into a coherent framework
  • Helps others focus on the relationships or connections of the ideas presented with other details
• Kinds of Graphic Organizer


  • Venn diagram
  • Network tree
  • Chain diagram
  • Problem-solution Map
  • Fishbone Map
  • Timeline
  • Spider Map
  • Cycle
  • Persuasion Map
  • Plot Diagram
• Venn Diagram


  Used to compare ideas and events and shows similar and different attributes using two or more overlapping circles
• Network Tree


  Used to represent hierarchy, classification, and branching or showing relationships of scientific categories, family trees, and even lineages
• Spider Map


  Used to investigate and enumerate various aspects of a central idea, which could be a concept, topic, or theme, etc also known as Semantic Map
• Problem-Solution Map


  Displays the nature of the problem and how it can be solved
• Timeline


  • Used to show how events occurred chronologically through a long bar labeled with dates and specific events
  • Linear Timeline
  • Comparative Timeline
• Plot Diagram

  • Used to map events in the story and/or analyze major parts of a plot
  • EXPOSITION
  • RISING ACTION
  • CLIMAX
  • FALLING ACTION
  • RESOLUTION
• Chain Diagram


  Used to show the logical sequence of events
• Fishbone Map


  Used to better understand causal relationships of a complex phenomenon by showing factors that cause a specific event or problem, as well as details of each cause
• Cycle


  Used to describe how a series of events interact to produce a set of results repeatedly
• Persuasion Map


  Used to map out arguments and evidence that prove a viewpoint, especially useful when processing persuasive or argumentative texts
• Benefits of Graphic Organizers


  • Helps visualize or present information in a way that is easier to comprehend
  • Provides the opportunity to actively contribute and participate in the learning process
  • Develops cognitive skills such as brainstorming, critical and creative thinking, categorizing and prioritizing content, reflection etc.
  • Helps recall prior knowledge about a subject and quickly connects it to new information
  • Promotes self-learning and students can familiarize themselves with a lesson more easily
• Resume


  • A resume is typically a one-page summary of your skills, education, and experience, although sometimes it can be as long as two pages
  • Resumes are the most common document requested of applicants in job applications
  • The resume acts much like an advertisement for a company trying to sell something or their product
  • The resume is your advertisement
• A resume should be as concise as possible
• Resumes often include bulleted lists to keep information concise
• Necessary elements of a resume

  • Heading
  • Objective
  • Education
  • Experience
  • Activities
  • Summary skills
  • References
• Heading


  • Your heading should include the essential personal information
  • Your formal name (complete name, not nickname) should appear at the top and it should stand out above all else in the paper
  • Also include your address (both permanent and temporary) and phone number
  • If you use email, include your email address
  • Mention your name in CAPITAL and BOLD so that you can be easily found
  • Specify your location (that is, city and country)
  • Do not miss out on specifying your email address for instance should they wish to contact you for any reason
  • Mention nationality and date of birth only if this information is specifically requested
• Objective


  • Also called "Career Objective"
  • Employers often say this is the most important part of a resume. It is generally a one sentence explanation of the type of job you are seeking
  • Your objective should be fairly specific
  • If you are applying for different types of jobs, change your objective to match each type of job
  • If you are uncertain about the specific positions available, state your areas of interest
• Education


  In the education part of the resume, you list your education credentials, e.g. basic format for listing education in your name would be the following: Degree, School Name, Graduation Date
• Experience


  • Also called "Work Experience" or "Employment Experience"
  • In this section, you should include previous employment, their locations, your dates of employment, and your job title
• Activities


  Employers like to see people who have been involved in school or community activities. In this section, list special activities you joined (drama club, baseball team, etc.). Include the years in which you participated
• Skills


  • Use short sentences and single words to describe your skills instead of paragraphs
  • Use key words or phrases that are in the description of the job you are applying for
  • Some people use this section to include special skills or talents that are not included elsewhere on the resume, but would be relevant to the employer
• References


  • You should have 2-3 people who have observed your work habits (employers, teachers, coaches, etc.) and 2-3 people who can speak about your character
  • Make sure you have asked their permission to include them as references
  • Only ask people who will speak well of you
  • Create a separate list of references including the names, addresses, employers, job titles, and phone numbers
• 2 Distinct types of Resume

  • Chronological Format
  • Functional Format
• Chronological Format


  • Most young people utilize a chronological format
  • The chronological style is exactly what it sounds like: it follows your work history backward from your current job, listing employers, dates, and job responsibilities
  • This is the format that you would most likely use if you are new to the workforce and have limited experience
• Functional Format


  • For someone who has held many jobs, the functional format is more useful
  • A functional resume is created without employment dates or company names
  • This format concentrates on skills and responsibilities and is more likely to be used after you have developed your career skills and have accomplishments to your credit