Biology

• Cell


  The basic unit of life
• Organic compounds


  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
• Organic compounds


  Compounds containing carbon
• Inorganic compounds


  Compounds not containing carbon
• Carbohydrates are sugars used for short term energy
• Lipids are fats used for long term energy
• Proteins are made up of amino acids used for construction materials and chemical reactions in the body
• Enzymes are special types of proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body but are not changed by the reactions
• Types of carbohydrates


  • Monosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• All fruits and vegetables are carbohydrates
• Fatty acids and glycerol

  Components of lipids (triglycerides)
• Amino acids


  Components of proteins (polypeptide chains)
• Nucleic acids


  DNA and RNA containing genetic information
• Nucleotide


  Phosphate, base, sugar
• Unicellular


  One cell
• Multicellular


  Many cells
• Eukaryotic cells


  Have a nucleus, animal and plant cells, complex
• Prokaryotic cells


  Don't have a nucleus, bacteria, simple
• Animal cells


  Round shape, Eukaryote
• Nucleus

  • 
    
• Cell membrane


  • Controls what enters and leaves the cell, Protects the cells
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  • Funnel for compounds to move through the cell
• Golgi body


  • Processes and stores proteins
• Ribosomes


  • Make proteins
• Mitochondria


  • Makes energy for the cells
• Lysosomes


  • Has enzymes that digest waste and old organelles
• Cytoplasm


  • Fills the empty space for the cells
• Vacuoles


  • Stores food, water and waste (many small)
• Centrioles


  • Help in cell division, only found in animal or plant cells
• Speciation


  The formation of new species
• Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight
• Dark reactions


  6002 16H20+light energy C6H1203 102
• ATP


  Compound that stores energy in an organism
• Aerobic


  With air
• Anaerobic


  Without air, bacteria and yeast make less energy
• M phase: mitosis (cell division)


  1. G1 phase: cell grows

  2. S phase: synthesis DNA copied

  3. G2 phase: cell grows
• Community


  The organisms that live in a particular environment
• Autotroph


  Makes their own foods
• Heterotroph


  Cannot make their own food
• Trophic levels


  • Producers
  • Primary consumer
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Decomposers