UCSP FINAL REVIEWER

• 5 Kinds of People in the World

  • Conscientiousness
  • Extroversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Openness to Experience
  • Neuroticism
• Conscientiousness

  • Resourceful
  • Well-organized
  • Trustworthy
  • Independent
  • They prefer to plan things in advance and aim for high achievement
• People low in Conscientiousness

  • Stubborn
  • Obsessive
• Studies show marrying someone high in Conscientiousness increases your chances of workplace success. A conscientious spouse can boost your productivity and help you achieve the most.
• Extroversion


  • Gain energy from social activity
  • Talkative
  • Outgoing
  • Comfortable in the spotlight
  • Others may view them as domineering and attention-seeking
• Studies show men with the strongest handgrips are most likely to rank high in Extroversion and least likely to be Neurotic. That doesn't hold true for women, however.
• Agreeableness


  • Trustworthy
  • Kind
  • Affectionate toward others
  • Known for their pro-social behavior
  • Often committed to volunteer work and unselfish activities
  • Others may view them as immature and overly inactive
• Studies show agreeable investors are least likely to lose money from risky trading. Avoid an investor high in Openness--that personality is associated with overconfidence that can lead an investor to take excessive risks.
• Openness to Experience


  • Known for their broad range of interests
  • Bright imaginations
  • Curious
  • Creative
  • Usually prefer variety over stiff routines
  • Known for their pursuits of self-actualization through intense, joyful experiences like meditative retreats or living abroad
  • Others may view them as unpredictable and unfocused
• Openness is the only personality trait that consistently predicts political orientation. Studies show people high in Openness are more likely to endorse liberalism and they're also more likely to express their political beliefs.
• Neuroticism


  • Experience a high degree of emotional instability
  • More likely to be reactive and excitable
  • Report higher degrees of unpleasant emotions like anxiety and irritability
  • Others may view them as unstable and insecure
• Neurotic people seek acceptance by publishing a lot of pictures on Facebook. Studies find they're less likely to post comments or updates that could be seen as controversial, and much more likely to post lots of pictures (they also have the most photos per album).
• 10 Types of People on Social Media

  • The Selfie Taker
  • The Animal Lover
  • The Poor Me
  • The Activist
  • The Sharer
  • The Sub Tweeter
  • The Vlogger
  • The Traveler
  • The Comedian
  • The Silent Creeper
• Norms


  Specific guidelines, rules and expectations that specify how people should and should not behave in various social situations
• Values


  General guidelines, general standards, which decide what is good and what is bad
• There should be a common or universal consensus that exists within the society for the norms to be successful and effective.
• Status


  Position or rank in the social stratification, which is the hierarchy of social worth
• Types of Status

  • Achieved
  • Ascribed
• Achieved Status


  Attained through one's own achievement or accomplishment
• Ascribed Status


  Obtained not through achievements but rather through birth, something that an individual is born into
• Role


  What the individual is expected to do, given his status
• Social Control


  The process of creating and maintaining stability, the power of society over individuals, it elicits certain behavior which empowers individuals to conform to the norms, without harmony, there will be no existing relationship and there would be no society, the idea of rewards and punishment are used in social control
• Conformity


  Behavior which involve change in order to fit in
• Deviance


  Behavior that violates social norms
• Types of Conformity and Deviance

  • Accepted goal, accepted means
  • Reject goal, accept means
  • Accept goal, reject means
  • Reject goal, reject means
• Human Dignity


  The recognition that human beings possess a special value intrinsic to their humanity and as such are worthy of respect simply because they are human beings
• Human Rights


  A concept which guarantees equality, freedom from degrading behavior, discrimination and prejudice views
• Kinship


  A social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society
• Forms of socially accepted relations among people

  • Blood or consanguineal relationships
  • Marriage or affinal relationships
  • Adoption
  • Other culturally accepted rituals
• Consanguineal Kinship


  • The relationship is achieved by birth or blood affinity
  • The relationship existing between: Parents and their Children, Siblings, Nieces and Nephews, Aunt and Uncle
• Kinship by Blood


  • A biological relationship
  • An individual's child or offspring
  • His or her parents and ancestry
• Descent


  • The line where one's descent is traced
  • Can be traced by studying either the person's paternal or maternal line
• Lineage


  Both males and females are members of a unilineal family but their descent lines are recognized only through relatives of either the male or female member
• Patrilineal Descent


  • Both males and females belong to the kin group of their father but they do not belong to their mother's kin group
  • Only the males pass on to their children their family identity
• Matrilineal Descent


  • Focuses on the unilineal descent that is traced through the female line
  • Both male and female offspring are considered members of the mother's matrilineal descent group but only the daughters can pass on the family line to their offspring
• Bilateral Descent


  Kinship is traced through both ancestral lines of the mother and father
• Affinal Kinship


  • Refers to the type of relations developed when a marriage occurs
  • When marriage takes place, new forms of social relations are developed
• Marriage


  • An important social institution wherein two persons, a man and a woman, enter into family life
  • During this process, the partners make a public, official and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couples
• Endogamy


  Compulsory marriage in their own village, community, ethnic, social or religious group
• Exogamy

  Refers to a marriage custom where an individual is required by society's norms and rules to marry outside of their own group, community or social classes