midterm

• Microscope- A device that magnifies and focuses light to allow the examination of small objects.
• Base- the basal, horse shoe shape
• Pillar- vertical projection developing from the foot of the column, supporting the capital
• Arm- handling the entire instrument
• Stage- slide or object is placed on the stage
• Stage clip- two clips are attached
• Coarse focus knob- large sized knob that is used to adjust the focus of the microscope
• Fine focus knob- small size knob
• cell structure- all organisms on earth are divided into cell
• parent cell- first be replicatedd
• somatic cell- general term for a body cell
• G2- the cell "double checks" the duplicate chromosomes for error
• G1- cellular contents
• S- stage: the cell grows and divides by mitosis to form a multicellular organism
• interphase- DNA replication
• prophase- chromosomes spiralize / watak watak
• Metaphase- chromosomes align with their centromeres
• Anaphase- chromosomes seperate
• Telophase- two nuclei reform at poles of cell, cytokinesis occurs
• Daughter cells- the daughter cells are produced by mitosis and meiosis
• Cell membrane- also plasma membrane, selectivity permeable membrane. Composed of double layer of phospholipids.
• nucleus- control center of the cell
• nuclear envelope- seperates the contents of the nucleus
• nuclear pores- small holes in the nucleus
• chromatin- DNA that forms chromosomes within the nucleus
• mitochondria- important in ATP production
• Rough ER- participates in protein synthesis
• Smooth ER- stores calcium in muscle cells
• Ribosome- synthesize proteins
• golgi apparatus- protein modification/ packaging into small membrane
• Vesicles- enclosed structure
• Transport vesicles- move substance between compartments inside cell
• secretory vesicles- release contents such as mucus to ECF
• Peroxisome- breakdown fatty acids
• Lysosome- A membrane bound organelle that contains enzymes that digest and recycle cellular waste
• Microtubule- made of tubulin
• microfilaments- made of actin
• Intermediate- made of keratins
• Fibers of the cytoskeleton- scaffolding
• Centrioles / Centrosome- organize DNA movement during cell division, and are involved in the formation of spindle fibers