(3) E

• Cells


  The most smallest living units of an organism
• Things all cells have in common

  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm (jelly-like fluid)
  • DNA (hereditary material)
• Eukaryotic cells


  • Have organelles including nucleus and other special parts
  • More advanced, complex cells found in animals and plants
• Prokaryotic cells


  • Don't have nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles
  • Have genetic material not contained within a nucleus
  • Bacteria
• Organelles


  Specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform
• Nucleus


  • Control center of the cell
  • Contains DNA or genetic material
• DNA


  Dictates what the cell is going to do and how it's going to do it
• Chromatin


  Tangled, spread out form of DNA found inside the nuclear membrane
• Chromosomes


  Condensed structure of DNA found in the nucleus of most living cells that carry genetic information
• Nucleolus


  Structure where ribosomes are made
• Ribosome


  Responsible for making proteins, may wander freely in cytoplasm or attach to endoplasmic reticulum
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)


  • Membrane-enclosed passageway for transporting materials such as proteins synthesized by ribosomes
  • Rough ER has ribosomes attached, Smooth ER doesn't
• Golgi apparatus


  Receives proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and customizes them into usable forms
• Vacuoles


  Sac-like structures that store different materials, e.g. water in plant cells
• Lysosomes


  Garbage collectors that break down damaged or worn out cell parts
• Mitochondria


  Powerhouse of the cell, make ATP molecules that provide energy
• Cytoskeleton


  Maintains the cell's shape, includes microfilaments and microtubules
• Chloroplasts


  • Organelle where photosynthesis happens, contains chlorophyll
• Plant cell wall


  • Shapes, supports, and protects the plant cell
• Animal cells never have a cell wall
• Unique cell structures


  • Cilia (hair-like projections that move in waves to trap and expel particles)
  • Flagella (tail-like structures that help some cells move)
• Cell types


  • Eukaryotic (plant and animal cells with nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles)
  • Prokaryotic (unicellular organisms without nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles)
• All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material
• Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria
• Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells