Chapter 1

• Botany - Science of plant life
• Phytomorphology - physical form and external structure of plants
• Phytotomy - internal structure of plants
• Plant Histology - microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants
• Carpology - structure of fruits and seeds
• Palynology - study of spores and pollen
• Plant Physiology - functioning or physiology of plants
• Plant Ecology - interactions among organisms and their environment
• Oikos - House
• Logos - Study of
• Plant Genetics - Study of hereditary and variation in the higher plants
• Plant Pathology - study of disease in plants
• Pytochemistry - study of chemistry of plants
• Phytogenesis - Concerned with the origin and evolution of plants
• Phytogeography - Study of the geographic distribution of plants
• Phytography - Concerned with the detailed description of plants
• Phytosociology - Deals with the characteristics, classification, relationships, and distribution of plant communities
• Agronomy - Application of the various soil and plant sciences to soil management and crop production
• Economic Botany - Commercial exploitation of plants by people
• Ethnobotany - The plant lore and agricultural customs of people
• Forestry - The science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests
• Horticulture - Science or art of cultivating flowers, fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants
• Plant Taxonomy - Science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants
• Characteristics of Plants:

  ➔ Multicellular organism

  ➔ Incapable of movement

  ➔ Produces its own food through photosynthesis
• Characteristics of Animals:

  ➔ Multicellular organism

  ➔ Capable of movement

  ➔ Cannot produce its own food

  ➔ Acquire and ingest food from other

  sources
• Plant and Animal Characteristics:

  ➔ Both have life cycles

  ➔ Both are composed of cells that contain many of the same organelles

  ➔ Both use mitosis and meiosis

  ➔ Both of their cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria

  ➔ Both take-ups in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide during respiration

  ➔ Both have hormones

  ➔ Both require water and nutrients

  ➔ Plant cells have cell walls, whereas

  animal cells do not
• cell wall - maintains the cell’s shape and rigidity, which in turn helps the plant to stand and retain its shape
• soft cell - Animals have ___ membranes and rely on skeletons to provide and maintain body shape
• Goals of Plant Systematics:

  ➔ Plant identification

  ➔ Plant description

  ➔ Plant classification
• Artificial Classification - Based on superficial characters and do not show or determine the relationship
• Autotrophic plants - can manufacture their own food
• Heterotrophic plants - cannot manufacture their own food
• Mesophytes - require a moderate supply of water
• Xerophytes - can withstand very little water
• Hydrophytes - require an abundant supply of water
• Halophytes - require water with high salt content
• Aquatic plants - live in water
• Terrestrial plants - live on land
• Aerial plants - live attached to other plants
• Trees - woody plants w/ a single main stem