Prac Exam Cards

• The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is:

  glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)
• The renal corpuscle is made up of:

  Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
• The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is:

  The nephron
• Which gland sits atop each kidney?


  Adrenal
• The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for:

  regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure
• While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids daily, the amount that actually leaves the body is:

  1% or 1.8 L
• Which of the following is NOT reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

  Creatinine
• The function of the proximal convoluted tubule is


  absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins and water
• The ureters are capable of:

  peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract
• Urine passes through the:

  pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra
• The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the


  renal corpuscle
• The main factor favouring filtrate formation at the glomerulus

  the glomerular hydrostatic pressure
• The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because:


  it stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position
• The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it:


  is drained by an efferent arteriole
• The Nephrons


  The substances are only filtered but not resorbed or secreted in the glomerulus
• Urine has 

  nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid
• The region known as the macula densa

  distal convoluted tubule
• What structure forms the last part of nephron?

  collecting duct
• What is the correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body?

  nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, urethra
• The urinary bladder is composed of

  transitional epithelium
• The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of:

  plasma protein
• The pH of urine is approx.

  6-7
• The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is

  osmosis
• An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to:

  an increase in the production of ADH
• ADH:

  is inhibited by alcohol
• The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of:

  angiotensin
• Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by converting enzymes in the


  lungs
• Aldosterone:

  functions to increase sodium resorption
• The function of angiotensin II is to:

  constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
• The loudness of a person's voice depends on the


  force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
• External respiration refers to:


  the exchange of gas between alveoli and blood
• Tidal volume is air


  exchanged during normal breathing
• In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen free in solution is


  About 1.5%
• The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is

  an increase in carbon dioxide levels
• The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called

  inspiratory reserve capacity
• Respiratory control centers are located in the

  medulla and pons
• The point in the circulation where the concentration of CO2 would be at its highest would be?

  In the pulmonary arteries
• Inspiratory capacity is 


  the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration
• The pharynx is

  a funnel-shaped structure that connects the nasal cavity and mouth cavity to the larynx and esophagus
• A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing on their own. However, the respiratory system is generally developed enough for survival by 

  28-32 weeks