envi sci finals reviewer

• 5 sources of personal pollutants

  1. food additives
  2. medicines
  3. cigarette smoke
  4. narcotics and drugs
  5. alcohols and cosmetics
• 3 ex of food additives

  1. sodium nitrate
  2. calcium propionate
  3. monosodium glutamate
• 3 Pros of eating "natural" foods

  • Providing essential nutrients in their whole form
  • Being free of artificial additives
  • Potentially having a lower environmental impact
• 2 Cons of eating "natural" foods

  • May spoil more quickly
  • May be more expensive than processed foods
• 3 Pros of foods that contain chemical additives

  • Offer convenience
  • Longer shelf life
  • Enhanced taste and appearance
• 2 Cons of foods that contain chemical additives

  • May lack certain nutrients found in natural foods
  • Could potentially have negative health effects due to the presence of artificial ingredients
• An analgesic is a painkiller, not a germ fighter. Analgesics are medications that relieve pain without affecting the cause of the pain or inflammation. They work by blocking the transmission of pain signals to the brain or by interfering with the brain’s interpretation of those signals. Analgesics are commonly used to alleviate mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, muscle aches, and arthritis.
• Consumer products should be identified by their chemical (generic) names rather than their trade names. This is because generic names provide a standardized and precise way to identify the actual chemical composition of the product, ensuring transparency and clarity for consumers. By using generic names, consumers can easily compare products based on their active ingredients, making informed decisions about their purchases. Additionally, generic names help to avoid confusion that may arise from different trade names for essentially the same product.
• An active smoker is someone who actively smokes tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. They inhale the smoke produced by these products directly into their lungs. On the other hand, a passive smoker is someone who involuntarily breathes in secondhand smoke from the environment due to the smoking habits of others around them. Passive smokers are exposed to the harmful chemicals and toxins present in secondhand smoke without actively choosing to smoke themselves.
• Alcohol consumption can have various effects on the human body. In the short term, alcohol can impair judgment, coordination, and reaction time. It can also lead to dehydration and disrupt sleep patterns. Long-term alcohol use can result in liver damage, cardiovascular problems, a weakened immune system, and an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. Excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to addiction and mental health issues.
• 6 gaseous air pollutants

  1. carbon oxides
  2. hydrocarbons
  3. sulfur compounds
  4. nitrogen compounds
  5. ozone and oxidants
  6. hydrogen fluoride
• water pollution is the contamination of water by chemicals, microorganisms, or other substances
• 4 major sources of water pollution

  1. domestic wastes
  2. slaughterhouses
  3. industries
  4. agriculture
• 9 types of water pollution

  1. municipal sewage/oxygen-demanding wastes
  2. infectious agents
  3. plant nutrients
  4. toxic chemicals
  5. persistent substances
  6. radioactive materials
  7. thermal pollution
  8. sediments, sand, and silt
  9. inorganic substances- mineral acids, salt
• heavy metals- ex are mercury, lead, cadmium chromium, and arsenic..
• pesticides are often called persistent chemicals.
• fermentation- anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• ethanol- also called ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol.
• peripheral neuritis- inflammation of the peripheral nerves, causing pain, numbness, and tingling
• alcoholism- a disease that causes a person to have a compulsion to drink alcohol
• cirrhosis- liver cells are damaged and replaced with scar tissue
• chronic bronchitis- chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles
• restricted drugs- drugs that are restricted for use in the UK and are only available with a prescription
• regulated drugs- drugs that are regulated by the government and are sold in pharmacies