Q2 L1

• Communication


  A transactional process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal messages in specific context, influenced by individual and societal forces and embedded in culture
• Human Communication Factors


  • Important role of individuals and societal forces
  • Communication in context
  • Culture that give shape and coherence to the communication process
• Levels of Communication process

  • Technical Level
  • Semantic Level
  • Pragmatic Level
• Technical Level


  Understand the message by ascertaining the extent to which information or message is clearly or not clearly transmitted
• Semantic Level


  Unity of communication by clarifying the extent to which the intended meaning of the information or message being transmitted is understood or misunderstood by the receiver due to all forms of noise
• Pragmatic Level


  Gauging the kind of impact, effect, outcome or result of the communication process including the relationship field of experience and the sender—receiver dynamics
• Forms and use of Communication

  • Communication as Process
  • Communication as an Interaction
  • Communication as a Social Context
• Communication in context


  It is by communication in context that communicators understand the environment and the situation they are into delivering and listening process of communication. It brings people to a conversation and speaking event in a particular time and place of the communication process
• Elements of Communication


  • The Sender (or the speaker)
  • The receiver (or the listener)
  • The message
  • The channel
  • The Noise
  • The Situation
  • The feedback
• The Sender (or the speaker)


  Conveys the message, oral or written brought about by knowledge, skills, situation, purpose and attitude toward self and the listener
• The receiver (or the listener)

  The one who listens and decodes the conveyed message and what he communicates is filtered by the receiver's level of understanding, language proficiency, experiences, values and attitudes
• The message


  What the sender communicates, or the information received by the receiver. They are the ideas and feelings that make up the content of the communication process
• The channel


  The medium or means through which the message is transmitted. The primary channels is face to face through sound and sight, radio waves of public communication and advertisements, televisions, records, newspapers and magazines. Other channels use human senses such as touch, smells and tastes
• The Noise


  Interference keeping message from being understood or interpreted, and can be internal or external interference
• The Situation


  Time and place in which communication occurs and is adapted to the context or situation
• The feedback


  The receiver's message that he or she sends to the source in response to the sender's message. It can also be in the form of verbal and non-verbal response
• Frames of reference


  • Psychological frame of reference
  • Cultural frame of reference
  • Social frame of reference
  • Spatial frame of reference
  • Temporal frame of reference
  • Historical frame of reference
• Psychological frame of reference


  Set of parameters that define one's mental schema
• Cultural frame of reference


  Set of parameters that define one's cultural bias
• Social frame of reference


  Set of parameters that define one's social bias
• Spatial frame of reference


  Refer to a set of egocentric experience, environmental, geographical parameters that define one's interpretation of reality
• Temporal frame of reference


  Transient parameters such as space and a range of experience types that underlie immediate representations, defining one's interpretation of reality
• Historical frame of reference


  Set of parameters defining one's historical bias
• Goals of Communication


  • Expressing one's needs and wants
  • Transferring and conveying information
  • Establishing social closeness or sustaining relationships with others
  • Facilitating social etiquettes and conforming to social conventions of politeness
• Levels of Communication in context

  • intrapersonal Communication
  • interpersonal communication
  • intercultural communication
  • interviewing
  • small group communication
  • mass communication