21ST Q4

• Context


  Circumstances that form the setting of events or ideas, in the way of which it can be fully understood and assessed
• Writer's context


  About the writer's life, values, assumptions, gender, race, sexual orientation etc.
• Reader's context


  Reader's previous reading experience, values, assumptions, political and economic issues
• Text's context


  About publishing history, part of the larger text such as newspaper, history events
• Social context and socio-cultural of text

  Features the society in which the characters live and in which the author's text was produced
• Imagery


  Creating a picture in the reader's mind by using words that appeal to the senses
• Types of imagery


  • Visual imagery - use of words that appeal to the sense of sight
  • Auditory imagery - use of words that appeal to the sense of hearing
  • Kinesthetic imagery - use of words that appeal to the action and movement
• Literary techniques


  Methods the author or writer of a literary piece used to convey what they want to impart to the reader
• Flashback


  The events have taken place before the present time
• Biographical context


  Knowing the author's background info including educational background, professional background or socioeconomic background
• Educational background


  A glimpse of the author's educational attainment and academic achievements
• Educational background


  • AMADOR T. DAGUIO, fil writer and poet during the PRE-WAR PHILIPPINES, BACHELOR OF ARTS IN PHILOSOPHY, MASTER OF ARTS IN ENG "wedding dance", "man of earth"
• Professional background


  How the author started his or her career in writing
• Socioeconomic background


  Author's family background, significant childhood and adulthood experiences
• Linguistic context


  Focus on the language used in the literary text and how it is used to convey meaning
• Inferential comprehension


  Reading between the lines
• Context clue


  Used to give meaning to unfamiliar words and phrases such as idiomatic expressions and figures of speech
• Evaluative comprehension


  Takes your imagination outside the text
• Sociocultural context


  Focus on understanding the social, economic, political and cultural forces affecting the literary work
• Multimedia


  A presentation of material that uses both words and pictures in a combination of text, voice, picture or video
• Components of multimedia

  • Videos
  • Animation
  • Text
  • Images
  • Audio
• ICT (Information and Communications Technology)


  Refers to all the technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions
• IT (Information Technology)


  The use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information
• ICT skills


  • Understanding and applying a range of computer programs, software and other applications
  • Microsoft Word - type / encode your document; bring out your best writing using a word processor
  • Microsoft Excel - manipulate numbers and data for computation; discover and connect to data, analysis using number processor
  • Microsoft PowerPoint - generate slides for presentation; design professional presentations using slide presentation
  • Microsoft Publisher - create everything from labels to newswriting and marketing materials
  • Copy(Ctrl+C) and Paste (Ctrl+V) any items from internet – images, video clips, music and be able to embed them in your outputs
  • CITE SOURCE(s) on any imported images, video clips, music – to avoid plagiarism
  • Manage browsing websites
  • Save any files with appropriate file formats
  • Associate yourself as a Techie person (one who has smart and clever ways of manipulating computer and other related-gadgets)
• Components of ICT

  • Cloud computing
  • Software
  • Hardware
  • Digital Transactions
  • Communications Technology
  • Digital Data
  • Internet access
• Characters


  A character in a story is a person, in some stories an animal, who takes parts in the action of the story or other literary work
• Protagonist


  The main character or most important of all the characters
• Antagonist


  The character that challenges the main character, has no concern for the well-being of the main character
• Setting


  The place (locale) and time (period) when the story happens
• Plot

  The actual story, the series of events and characters' action that lead to the highest point of interest in a short story
• Parts of a story's structure

  • Exposition - introduces the characters, identifies where the story is happening, and establishes the main conflict
  • Rising Action - the conflict starts to build
  • Climax - the most exciting part, important decisions are made or important things are discovered
  • Falling Action - the problems start to work themselves out, the excitement becomes less
  • Resolution - the solution to the problem in the story
• Conflict


  The problem in a story
• Types of conflict

  • Man vs. Man - characters are against each other
  • Man vs. Himself - character's internal struggle against himself
  • Man vs. Nature - protagonist is hindered by or fighting against natural forces
  • Man vs. Society - individual (or a small group) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community
• Theme

  The central idea in a story and a general truth, the author's message to the readers
• Types of point of view

  • First Person - the narrator participates in and tells the story using "I"
  • Limited Third Person - the narrator is not in the story and narrates using "she" or "he", unable to see into the minds of the characters
  • Omniscient - the narrator is not in the story and can tell the thoughts of the characters
• "Sinigang" by Marie Audrey J. Villaceran

  A short story written in 2001 that narrates how Liza, the main character, deals with the issue of her father who had an extramarital affair with Sylvia, and consequently had a son, Lem
• Characters in "Sinigang"

  • Liza, Liza's parents, her Aunt Loleng, Sylvia (her father's mistress), and Lem (her half-brother from Sylvia)
• Setting of "Sinigang"

  Liza's home, where she and her aunt, Tita Loleng, were cooking Sinigang, her father's favorite dish
• Plot of "Sinigang"


  It is about Liza, retelling her meeting with her father's mistress, to her Aunt Loleng while they are making Sinigang
• Conflict in "Sinigang"

  The fact that her father had an extramarital affair with another woman and consequently had a child, which tainted Liza's relationship with her father