Science

• Pressure


  When pressure on a gas goes down, its volume rises
• V2 in Boyle's Law equation


  Final volume
• SI standard unit of pressure

  Pascal (Pa)
• Mathematical statement of Boyle's Law

  P1V1 = P2V2
• Boyle's Law application


  1. Initial pressure and volume

  2. Final pressure and volume
• Effect of doubling pressure on volume (constant temperature)

  Volume is halved
• Unit of temperature for Charles' Law

  Kelvin (K)
• Calculating volume change with temperature change (Charles' Law)

  1. Initial temperature and volume

  2. Final temperature and volume
• Calculating volume change with temperature change (constant pressure)

  1. Initial temperature and volume

  2. Final temperature and volume
• Relationship between volume and temperature (Charles' Law)

  As volume increases, temperature increases
• Relationship between pressure and temperature (Gay-Lussac's Law)

  As pressure decreases, temperature decreases
• 100 K


  • 173.15°C
• 300 K


  27°C
• 35°C


  308.15 K
• Standard temperature


  273.15 K
• Standard pressure


  1 atm
• Effect of temperature on average kinetic energy of gas molecules

  As temperature decreases, average kinetic energy decreases
• Gas molecule movement


  Constantly and randomly
• Chemical changes


  • Rotting of tomatoes
• Gas molecules


  Constantly and randomly move
• Chemical changes are always represented by chemical equations
• Cutting of stainless metal plates does not undergo chemical change
• Symbol used to indicate "reacts with" in a chemical equation

  Plus sign
• The reactants in the given reaction are CO2 and C6H12O6
• Type of chemical reaction represented by the equation AgNO3(aq) + MgCl2(s) → AgCl(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)

  Double displacement
• Type of chemical reaction represented by the equation KBr + Cl2 → KCl + Br2

  Single displacement
• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) has 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, and 4 oxygen atoms
• The correct count for the atoms of the reactants in the given chemical reaction CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O is 1 carbon atom, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 4 oxygen atoms
• The products of the balanced reaction C3H8 + 5O2 are 3CO2 + 4H2O
• Oxygen is the common element needed to produce water and carbon dioxide
• Example of a combination reaction

  Li + F2(g) → LiF
• Type of reaction represented by the equation Pb + FeSO4 → PbSO4 + Fe

  Single replacement