Science chapter 12

• Habitat is where an organism is suited to live in
• Adaptations are physical or behavioural changes a population had developed over many generations to survive in an environment
• Survival of an organism is determined by the physical factors of an environment and the organism's adaptations as well as the numbers of their prey and predators
• Organism relationship includes: predator-prey, parasitism, mutualism
• Parasitism is an interaction between 2 organisms where the parasite gains nutrients from its host, slowing down the host'host's growth
• Mutualism is the interaction between 2 organism where they both benefit from it
• Food web:

  Producer -> primary consumer -> secondary consumer -> tertiary consumer
• Producer makes their own food through photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis:

  water + carbon dioxide -> oxygen + glucose
• The glucose produced in the process of photosynthesis is then used in cellular respiration

  Cellular respiration:

  glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy (in the form of ATP)
• Consumers obtain energy and nutrients from feeding
• Decomposers are organisms that break down waste material and dead matter into simpler substances, returning nutrients back into the environment
• 90% of the energy obtained are used for life processes while the other 10% are stored as chemical potential energy
• Energy is one-directional and nutrients is cyclical (due to decomposers returning it back into the environment for the producers to use again)