science quarter 4

• Mitosis


  A type of cell division that used Somatic/body cells
• Mitosis


  • 2 daughter cells were produced
• Interphase


  1. G1 phase - Cell growth occurred in preparation to the next phase

  2. G2 phase - The cell synthesizes organelles and other materials

  3. S-Phase - The DNA replicated
• Mitotic phase


  A single cell divides twice to produce 4 daughter cells
• Prophase


  The chromosome in the nucleus condense
• Metaphase


  The chromosome aligned at the center
• Anaphase


  The spindle fibres pull one set of chromatids
• Telophase


  Chromosome are uncoiled and new nucleus are form
• Meiosis


  A type of cell division is used to produce sex cells such as egg cell and sperm cell
• Spermatogenesis


  Production of sperm cell during meiosis
• Oogenesis


  Production of egg cell during meiosis
• Gregor Mendel was an Augustinian monk that is known for being the "Father of Genetics"
• Mendel Pea plant Characteristics

  • Flower Position: Axial, terminal
  • Plant height: Tall, short
  • Flower color: purple, white
  • Pod color: Green, yellow
  • Pod shape: inflated, constricted
  • Seed color: Yellow, green
  • Seed shape: round, wrinkled
• Homozygous


  The genes are either both Capital letters or both small letters
• Heterozygous


  The genes are never the same, one is capital and one is small letter
• Dominant Trait


  If a gene contains a Capital letter either Heterozygous or Homozygous
• Recessive trait


  If a gene doesn't contain a capital letter automatic it is a recessive trait
• Punnett Square Example


  Step 1: Identify the genes of the parent

  Step 2: Put the genes of the parents in the punnet square and pair the genes of the two parents
• Genotypic ratio: 2:2 (because 2 TT and 2 Tt)

  Phenotype: Tall: 4:0 (because all 4 are Tall)
• Law of segregation


  Each gene separates from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele from each gene
• Law of Dominance


  In a heterozygous gene pair, the dominant trait will mask the recessive trait
• Biodiversity


  Variety of life
• Carolus Linnaeus is known as the "Father of Modern Taxonomy"
• Ecosystem Diversity


  An environment where organisms interact with one another
• Genetic Diversity


  The total different number of characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species that help them to survive
• Hierarchal Taxonomic System


  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Kingdom level consist of 4 major kingdoms. We Humans are in the Animal Kingdom and divided into two Vertebrate and Invertebrates
• Binomial Nomenclature


  It is used by the Scientists to name organisms. It consists of two parts (Genus and Species)
• Scientific name


  The name given to organisms who are already classified
• Food Chain


  • Grass
  • Chicken
  • Snake
  • Eagle
• Grass


  The producer because they produce foods for the other organisms
• Chicken


  Primary consumer, because they are the one who eats the producer
• Snake


  Secondary consumer, because they eat the primary consumer
• Eagle


  Tertiary consumer, because they eat the secondary consumer
• Biodiversity's primary cause of biodiversity loss is habitat loss because many organisms cannot survive to different environment
• One of the causes of losing of habitat is over population because the habitats that intended for animals were occupied by the humans due to increase in number of human population
• To reduce over population one recommendation is family planning programs
• Genotype


  Unique sequence of DNA, expressed in letters
• Phenotype


  An observable trait
• Eukarya


  Multi cellular organisms that possess a clearly define nucleus