Cell Division

• What is the function of Cell Division?


  For injury repair, reproduction, growth and development
• What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

  unicellular organisms - one cell, clone themselves

  multicellular organisms - more than one, does not separate into two separate organisms
• What is Mitosis?


  A type of cell division where one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (daughter cells) that is identical to itself and each other
• Mitosis is used for what?

  Growth and repair, asexual reproduction
• What is the main goal of Mitosis?

  To produce identical cells
• What leads to cancer?

  Uncontrolled cell growth
• What are the three main functions of Interphase?

  Cell growth, DNA replication, cell function
• Where does a cell spend most of its time?

  Interphase
• DNA is...


  Deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material of all living organisms
• DNA can be organized into structures of...

  Chromosomes
• Chromosomes are...


  Made up of DNA and Proteins,
• How many chromosomes does a human cell have

  46 chromosomes
• Before a cell undergoes mitosis, what process does it have to go through first?

  Interphase; a cell's genetic information must be first replicated before it splits
• What is a centromere?


  A part of chromosomes where sister chromatids are held together
• What are chromatids?


  strands of replicated chromosomes
• What are the stages of mitosis?

  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
• What happens in Prophase (Mitosis)?

  The chromosomes are still visible, they start to condense
• What happens in Metaphase (Mitosis)?

  The nucleus is disassembled, chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
• What happens during Anaphase (Mitosis)?


  Chromosomes are pulled away towards the opposite ends of the cell by spindle fibers
• What happens during Telophase (Mitosis)?

  New nuclei are forming on opposite ends of the cell
• What completes Mitosis?


  Cytokinesis
• What is Cytokines?


  responsible for the final separation into two new cells by splitting the cytoplasm, its completes the stages of Mitosis
• What does Mitosis require?

  1 nuclear division
• What is meiosis used for?

  The production of gametes; sperm and egg cells
• How many chromosomes does a sperm and egg cell have?

  23 chromosomes
• What happens during Prophase 1?

  Chromosomes condense and thicken, the chromosomes line up with their homologous pair and cross over
• What does homologous pair means?

  Pairs of chromosomes that are approx. the same size with the same type of genes found in the same location
• What is crossing over?


  Chromosomes have a way to transfer genetic material and exchange it between each other
• What happens during Metaphase 1?

  The homologues line up at the middle of the cell
• What happens during Anaphase 1?


  Homologues are pulled away to the opposite ends of the cell by spindle fibers
• What happens during Telophase 1?

  two new nuclei are formed, each chromosome has two non-identical sister chromatids
• What happens during Prophase 2?

  The chromosomes start to condense, spindle fibers are starting to form
• What happens during Metaphase 2?

  Chromosomes line up at the middle this time not in pairs
• What happens during Anaphase 2?

  The chromatids are pulled to the opposite ends of the cell
• What happens during Telophase 2?

  The nuclei are reforming and each cells are going to divide
• What gives sperm cells variety?

  Because of independent assortment and crossing over