PHYSICS chapter 11-15

• Absolute pressure


  The sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure
• Adhesive forces


  The attractive forces between molecules of different types
• Archimedes' principle


  The buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid it displaces
• Buoyant force


  The net upward force on any object in any fluid
• Capillary action


  The tendency of a fluid to be raised or lowered in a narrow tube
• Cohesive forces


  The attractive forces between molecules of the same type
• Contact angle


  The angle θ between the tangent to the liquid surface and the surface
• Density


  The mass per unit volume of a substance or object
• Diastolic pressure


  Minimum arterial blood pressure; indicator for the fluid balance
• Diastolic pressure


  The minimum blood pressure in the artery
• Fluids


  Liquids and gases; a fluid is a state of matter that yields to shearing forces
• Gauge pressure


  The pressure relative to atmospheric pressure
• Glaucoma


  Condition caused by the buildup of fluid pressure in the eye
• Intraocular pressure


  Fluid pressure in the eye
• Micturition reflex


  Stimulates the feeling of needing to urinate, triggered by bladder pressure
• Pascal's Principle


  A change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container
• Pressure


  The force per unit area perpendicular to the force, over which the force acts
• Pressure


  The weight of the fluid divided by the area supporting it
• Specific gravity


  The ratio of the density of an object to a fluid (usually water)
• Surface tension

  The cohesive forces between molecules which cause the surface of a liquid to contract to the smallest possible surface area
• Systolic pressure

  Maximum arterial blood pressure; indicator for the blood flow
• Systolic pressure


  The maximum blood pressure in the artery
• Active transport


  The process in which a living membrane expends energy to move substances across
• Bernoulli's equation


  The equation resulting from applying conservation of energy to an incompressible frictionless fluid: P + 1/2pv2 + pgh= constant , through the fluid
• Bernoulli's principle


  Bernoulli's equation applied at constant depth: P1 + 1/2pv12 = P2 + 1/2pv22
• Dialysis


  The transport of any molecule other than water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration
• Diffusion


  The movement of substances due to random thermal molecular motion
• Flow rate


  Abbreviated Q, it is the volume V that flows past a particular point during a time t, or Q = V/t
• Fluid dynamics


  The physics of fluids in motion
• Laminar


  A type of fluid flow in which layers do not mix
• Liter


  A unit of volume, equal to 10−3 m3
• Osmosis


  The transport of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration
• Osmotic pressure


  The back pressure which stops the osmotic process if one solution is pure water
• Poiseuille's law


  The rate of laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in a tube: Q = (P2 - P1)πr4/8ηl
• Poiseuille's law for resistance


  The resistance to laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in a tube: R = 8ηl/πr4
• Relative osmotic pressure

  The back pressure which stops the osmotic process if neither solution is pure water
• Reverse dialysis


  The process that occurs when back pressure is sufficient to reverse the normal direction of dialysis through membranes
• Reverse osmosis


  The process that occurs when back pressure is sufficient to reverse the normal direction of osmosis through membranes
• Reynolds number


  A dimensionless parameter that can reveal whether a particular flow is laminar or turbulent
• Semipermeable


  A type of membrane that allows only certain small molecules to pass through