digestive system

• Digestion


  Breakdown of organic compounds into their simple forms for use by the cells
• Ingestion


  Taking in of food
• Mechanical digestion


  Breaking down of food into smaller pieces
• Chemical digestion


  Breakdown of food with the aid of enzymes

  
• Absorption


  Movement of digested food into the bloodstream

  
• Assimilation


  Distribution of nutrients to the body's cells

  
• Excretion


  Elimination of undigested food and waste products from the body
• Organs of the digestive system

  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
  • Anus

  
• Mouth


  • Mechanical digestion through chewing
  • Chemical digestion through saliva
• Esophagus


  • Transports food from mouth to stomach

  
• Stomach


  • Stores and further digests food
  • Secretes gastric juices
• Small intestine


  • Site of most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients

  
• Large intestine


  • Absorbs water from indigestible food matter
  • Stores waste before elimination
• Rectum


  • Stores waste before elimination through the anus
• Anus


  • Opening through which undigested food and waste are eliminated from the body
• Accessory organs and glands

  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
• Liver


  • Produces bile to aid in fat digestion
  • Breaks down toxins
• Gallbladder


  • Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
• Pancreas


  • Produces enzymes that aid in digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

  
• Boxes on the game

  Represent parts of the digestive system

  
• Instructions beside the boxes

  Tell you about the digestive system

  
• Ingestion


  Taking in food or any substance into the body through the mouth
• Digestion


  1. Breaking down of large food molecules into smaller molecules for easy absorption by the cells

  2. Includes both chemical and mechanical digestion

  
• Mouth


  • Teeth cut, crush, and break food into tiny pieces
  • Tongue helps mix food with saliva forming a moist ball called bolus
• Saliva


  Contains salivary amylase that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrates
• Peristalsis


  Wave-like muscle contractions that push and transport foods and liquids in small sections to the stomach
• Stomach


  1. shaped, bag-like muscular organ that stores food and turns it into chyme (semifluid material)
• Gastric juices


  Hydrochloric acid and pepsin that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins
• Organs that secrete essential substances


  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gall bladder
• Bile


  Green fluid produced by the liver that turns large fat droplets into smaller ones and aids in fat digestion
• Pancreatic enzymes


  Amylase, peptidase, and lipase that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats respectively
• Small intestine


  Organ that breaks down food further into substances like glucose that can be absorbed by the villi
• Duodenum


  First and shortest part of the small intestine that resumes chemical digestion of food and prepares for absorption
• Jejunum


  Second part of the small intestine where absorption of nutrient particles takes place
• Absorption


  Process of passing the soluble food molecules in the wall of the small intestine through the villi

  
• Assimilation


  Movement of digested food nutrients into the blood vessels of the small intestine and use of nutrients by the body cells

  
• Ileum


  Third part of the small intestine that assimilates B12 and reabsorbs conjugated bile salts
• Large intestine


  Where reabsorption of liquid, electrolytes and some vitamins from undigested food takes place

  
• Egestion


  Release of undigested food collected in the rectum called feces and pushed out of the body through the anus
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