GAS LAWS

• Chemistry


  A branch of natural science that deals principally with the properties of substances, the changes they undergo, and the natural laws that describe these changes
• Kinetic Molecular Theory


  • Gas molecules behave according to varying degrees of pressure, temperature, and volume
  • Gas molecules collide constantly with any matter they encounter
• Rudolf Clausius, James Clerk Maxwell, and Ludwig Boltzmann conducted research and experiments that related the motion of gases with the concepts of heat and kinetic energy


  Middle of the 1800's
• Five postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

  • Gas particles move continuously in random, linear motion and collide with each other or with the container's walls
  • The collision of gas particles is elastic
  • The average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to their absolute temperature (Kelvin)
  • The intermolecular forces among gas particles are negligible
  • The volume of gas particles is negligible relative to the volume of their container
• Kinetic Molecular Theory


  Identification and understanding of the properties of gases
• Pressure (P)


  Force exerted over a given area, P = F/A
• Temperature (T)


  Measurement of the kinetic energy of the gas particles, standard unit is Kelvin (K)
• Volume (V) and amount of Gas in Moles (n)


  Amount of space occupied by the gas particles, depends on the container's volume
• Boyle's Law


  Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of gas at a constant temperature
• Charles' Law


  Volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of a gas at constant pressure
• Ideal Gas Law


  PV = nRT
• Boyle's Law: Volume is inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature and amount of gas
• Charles' Law: Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature at constant pressure and amount of gas
• Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature at constant volume and amount of gas
• Avogadro's Law: Volume is directly proportional to the amount of gas at constant pressure and temperature
• Combined Gas Law: The product of pressure, volume, and temperature is constant for a fixed amount of gas
• Ideal Gas Law: Pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas are related by the equation PV = nRT