BIology

• prokaryote


  a single celled organism that lacks a nuleus
• bacillus


  rod shaped bacteria
• spirillum


  spiral shaped bacteria
• chemoheterotroph


  an organism that obtains energy from the oxidation of organic compounds
• photoheterotroph


  that is, they are organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source, and must ingest something else
• chemoautotroph


  is an organism that uses inorganic energy sources. Then it puts together its own organic compounds.
• photoautotroph


  Photoautotrophs are capable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source.
• obligate aerobe


  an organism that requires oxygen to grow
• obligate anaerobe


  an organism that must live without oxygen to survive
• facultative anerobe


  an organism that can live with or without oxygen
• binary fission


  method of asexual reproduction for prokaryotes
• nitrogen fixation


  a process of combining atmospheric nitrogen with other elements to form useful compounds
• capsid


  the protection protein that surrounds a virus
• bacteriophage


  viruses that infect bacteria
• lytic infection


  virus enters a cell, then multiplies until the cell breaks
• lysogenic infection


  when a virus embeds its DNA into the cell without breaking it
• retrovirus


  family of enveloped viruses that replicate in a host cell through the process of reverse transcription
• pathogen


  a microorganism that causes disease
• vaccine


  when a little bit of a pathogen is injected into a person so the person's body can build up immunity to
• antibiotic


  medicine that kills bacteria
• viroid


  Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens known, consisting solely of short strands of circular, single-stranded RNA without protein coats.
• prion


  A small proteinaceous infectious disease-causing agent that is believed to be the smallest infectious particle. A prion is neither bacterial nor fungal nor viral and contains no genetic material
• food vacuole


  a membrane-bound vacuole (as in an amoeba) in which ingested food is digested
• trichocyst


  small bottle shaped structures
• macronucleus


  where most of genetic info is contained
• micronucleus


  backup library of genetic info
• contractile vacuole


  cavities in cytoplasm that are structured to collect water
• eyespot


  helps organism find sunlight to power photosynthesis
• phtyoplankton


  small microorganisms that live near the surface of the water
• spore


  a method of asexual reproduction by fungi
• fruiting body


  reproductive structure that produces spores,
• chitin


  in fungi, the cell walls are produced of chitin
• hyphae


  In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Yeasts are unicellular fungi that do not grow as hyphae.
• mycelium


  Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates.
• budding


  asexual process by which yeast reproduce
• saprobe


  organisms that contain food from dead decaying matter
• lichen


  symbiotic with fungi
• mycorrhiza


  A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant.
• Chloroplasts are organelles found within plant cells that contain chlorophyll and other pigments involved in photosynthesis.
• Chloroplasts contain thylakoids stacked to form grana, which are surrounded by stroma.