com eng

• Citizenship


  Individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection
• Citizen


  A person who is granted certain rights and responsibilities that are denied to aliens and other noncitizen of a country
• Patricians


  Citizenship was about owning large tracts of agricultural land and control of the magistracies which guaranteed access to virtue, honor and state contract
• Plebeians


  Citizenship is about standing in the human community and recognition by their Patrician
• Principal grounds for acquiring citizenship

  • Birth within a certain territory
  • Descent from a citizen parent
  • Marriage to a citizen
  • Naturalization
• Jus soli


  Citizenship is acquired by birth within the territory of the state, regardless of parental citizenship
• Jus sanguini


  A person, wherever born, is a citizen of the state if, at the time of his or her birth, his or her parents is one
• Our rights and duties as citizens

  • Loyalty, obedience, cooperation
  • Correlative duty
  • Human life, dignity, rights
  • Duty to work
  • Civic, political participation
  • Promote equity, social justice
  • Responsibility of youth
  • Health, ecology, environment
• In 2005 President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo appointed three leaders of the CMFP (Rey Teves, Lito Lorenzana, and Jose Abueva) to the Consultative Commission on Charter Change which elected Jose Abueva as chairman
• Bill of Rights


  A statement and listing of an individual's rights and privileges which the fundamental law of the land is designed to safeguard against violations of the government or by an individual
• Due process


  A law that hears before it condemns. This clause in our fundamental charter means that no person shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property unless due process is observed
• Equal protection on the law


  Equality in the enjoyment of similar rights and privileges granted by law
• Right against reasonable searches and seizures


  The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, and papers against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose should be inviolable
• Freedom of speech


  No law should be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of press, or the right of the people
• Right of assembly


  Right of the part of the citizen to congregate peacefully in a public meeting to discuss issues and matters of interest to them
• Right of petition


  Right of any citizen to ask any branch of the government to take action on his complaint or grievance
• Freedom of religion


  Refers to the right of a person to worship God in his own ways or practice his religious beliefs without any interference from the government
• Right of association


  The freedom of any Filipino citizen to organize and join any society or group
• Right to information on matter of public concern


  The right of the people to know all the information matter about the public concern
• Violence against women


  Any act or series of acts committed by any PERSON against a WOMAN who is his wife, former wife, or with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating relationships, or with whom he has a common child, or against her child/child under her care which result or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering or economic abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty
• Physical violence


  Refers to acts that include bodily or physical harm
• Sexual violence


  Refers to an act which is sexual in nature, committed against a woman or child. It includes, but is not limited to: Rape, sexual harassment, acts of lasciviousness, treating a woman or her child as a sex object, making demeaning and sexually suggestive remarks, physically attacking the sexual parts of the victim's body, forcing her/him to watch obscene publications and indecent shows or forcing the woman or her child to do indecent acts and/or make films thereof, forcing the wife and mistress/lover to live in the conjugal home or sleep together in the same room with the abuser, acts causing or attempting to cause the victim to engage in any sexual activity by force, threat of force, physical or other harm or threat of physical or other harm or coercion, prostituting the woman or child
• Psychological violence


  Refers to acts or omissions causing or likely to cause mental or emotional suffering of the victim, such as stalking, damage or property, ridicule, repeated verbal abuse, depriving the woman of access to her family, marital infidelity
• Economic abuse


  Refers to acts that make or attempt to make a woman financially dependent, which includes, but is not limited to the following: Withdrawal of financial support or preventing the victim from engaging in any legitimate profession, occupation, business or activity, deprivation or threat of deprivation of financial resources and the right to the use and enjoyment of the conjugal, community or property owned in common, controlling the victims' own money or properties or solely controlling the conjugal money or properties
• The Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children (VAWC) law has a relationship, past or present, married or not, living in or not, sexual or dating relationship, and including lesbian relationships with common child as the centre of approach
• Penalty under VAWC

  Fine of P100,000-P300,000, and mandatory psychological counseling or psychiatric treatment. Aggravating circumstance: if the woman or child is pregnant or committed in the presence of her child, the penalty shall be the maximum of the period of penalty plus imprisonment
• Venue under VAWC


  The Regional Trial Court designated as a Family Court shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction over cases of violence against women and their children under this law
• Rights of victims under VAWC

  • To be treated with respect and dignity
  • To avail of legal assistance from the PAO of the Department of Justice (DOJ) or any public legal assistance office
  • To be entitled to support services from the DSWD and LGUs
  • To be entitled to all legal remedies and support as provided for under the Family Code
  • To be informed of their rights and the services available to them including their right to apply for a protection order
• Heinous crime


  Hatefully or shockingly evil: abominable
• Reclusion perpetua


  Imprisonment of at least 20 years and a day up to a maximum of 40 years, after which a prisoner can be eligible for parole-unless otherwise specified
• Life imprisonment


  Does not have a definite duration for imprisonment. It is a sentence given under special law, and does not carry accessory penalties
• Revised Penal Code


  Violations of the crimes are referred to as 'mala in se' - the act is inherently evil or bad or wrongful in itself. The moral trait of the offender is considered, so liability would only arise when there is criminal intent or negligence in the commission of the punishable act
• Special Penal Laws


  Violations are generally referred to as 'malum prohibitum' or an act that is wrong because it is prohibited. No criminal intent is needed in order to establish liability
• Reclusion perpetua


  Permanent imprisonment of at least 20 years and a day up to a maximum of 40 years, after which a prisoner can be eligible for parole-unless otherwise specified
• Mala in se


  Violations of crimes that are inherently evil or bad or wrongful in itself
• Moral trait of the offender


  Considered in determining liability, which only arises when there is criminal intent or negligence in the commission of the punishable act
• Malum prohibitum


  Violations that are generally referred to as an act that is wrong because it is prohibited, no criminal intent is needed in order to find a person liable
• Consequences of heinous crimes

  People who commit heinous crimes have to be in prison in order to protect the public—most for a significant period of time and some forever. Apart from whatever retributive reasons we may have to incarcerate heinous offenders, to ensure public safety
• Murder


  The unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought
• Elements of murder


  1. With treachery, taking advantage of superior strength, with the aid of armed men, or employing means to weaken the defense or of means or persons to insure or afford impunity

  2. By means of inundation, fire, poison, explosion, shipwreck, stranding of a vessel, derailment or assault upon a railroad, fall of an airship, or by means of motor vehicles, or with the use of any other means involving great waste and ruin