Classic Civilisation Paper 1

• What does Pantheon mean?


  all the gods, collectively
• What is Iconography-


  How the Gods are depicted, with symbols
• What is polytheism-


  The belief in more that one God
• What is anthropomorphism?


  Imagining Gods as humans, in human form, with human personalities
• What is an epithet?

  Adjective or phrase added to a name to denote a physical or personal quality
• What is a Heira?

  Sacrificial rites, what greeks imagine religion to be
• What is Religio?


  What the Romans imagine religion, more organised that Greek ideas
• Who was roman religion influences by?

  The Estrscans, this is why Roman religion is slightly different to Greek religion
• (Greek) What does chthonic mean?

  Relating to gods of the underworld and of earth, eg hades/ Demeter
• (Greek) What is a cornucopia?

  The horn of plenty that Demeter held, sometimes shown with Hades
• (Greek) What is a diadem?

  A crown
• (Greek) What is the Parthenon?

  The temple of Athena on the acropolis in Athens
• (Greek) What is the mystery of Eleusis?

  Sacred rites of Demeter in Athens
• (Greek) What is an Oracle?

  Gave prophecies in the name of a God
• (Greek) What is a lyre?

  A harp-like musical instrument
• (Greek) What is a caduceus?

  Staff of the messenger Hermes
• (Greek) What is a Thrysus?

  Staff held by Dionysus/ Bacchus
• (Greek) What are maenads?

  Female followers of Dionysus
• (Greek) What are satyrs?

  Half men, half goat. Followers of Dionysus
• (Roman) What is Capitoline Hill?


  Hill in Rome, location of the capitol, where the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is (biggest temple in Rome)
• (Roman) What is a sarcophagus?

  A resting place for a dead body
• (Roman) What are plebs?


  Common people
• (Roman) What is the cerealia?

  The festival of Ceres, popular with plebs
• (Roman) What is the vulcanalia?

  The festival of Vulcan
• (Roman) What was Actium?

  Battle between Octavian and Marc Antony
• (Roman) What is a votive?


  It is used as an offering
• (Roman) What is a lararium?

  A shrine with icons of the family ancestors, dedicated to mercury
• (Roman) What is the Bacchanalia?

  The festival of Bacchus
• Where was Heracles/ Hercules born?

  Thebes to his father, Zeus and mother, Alcmene
• Who was Alcmenes mortal husband?

  Amphitryon, he raised Hercules
• Who was Amphitryon's son and Hercules' half brother & twin?

  Iphicles
• What did Hera do out of jealously to Hercules?

  Slowed the birth of Hercules so Eurystheus (son of sthenelus) was born first
• What does it mean if Eurystheus was born first?


  He would become king as Zeus said the first descendant of Perseus would be king
• What did Hera do after slowing the birth?

  Sent 2 snakes to kill Hercules, he strangled them
• What did Alcmene do to Hercules?


  She became scared of him so abandoned him! But Athene protected him & became his guardian.
• Who did Hercules marry and what did Hera do?

  Hercules married Megara and had children, but Hera made Hercules kill his family.
• What did Hercules do after killing his family?

  He went to an oracle where he was told to see Eurystheus. This is where his labours start. As salvation
• Who was Virgil?


  The author of the Aeneid, Roman poet living at the time of Emperor Augustus
• Who was Evander?


  King of the Arcadians, people who encounter Hercules
• Who is Aeneas?


  An ancestor of the emperor Augustus, and "founder" of the Roman race. He is told the story of Cacus and Hercules by Evander