Y

• Atmosphere


  Layer of gases
• Composition of the atmosphere

  • Nitrogen (78%)
  • Oxygen (21%)
  • Other gases (1%)
• Atmosphere


  • Provides vital protection, regulates temperature, and supports weather and climate systems
• Layers of the atmosphere

  • Troposphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere
• Troposphere


  Lowest layer (extends 14-18km), weather changes occur
• Tropopause


  Boundary zone between troposphere and stratosphere
• Jet streams


  Eastward air and fast-moving river of air
• Stratosphere


  Second layer (about 50km), ideal for aircraft, contains the ozone layer
• Mesosphere


  Third layer (90km), coldest region and has a thin and low atmospheric pressure, meteors burn up when entering making shooting stars
• Thermosphere


  Topmost part (extends 1000km), composed of individual gas molecules, has the Auroras-northern light and southern lights, holds the ionosphere
• Exosphere


  Outermost layer (space), contains hydrogen and helium, satellites and other human-made objects in Earth's orbit are found here
• Atmospheric Pressure


  Downward force that exerts pressure to the earth surface, determined by air mass (large amount of air) and temperature
• Types of air mass

  • Continental - Originates from land and are dry
  • Maritime - originates from the sea and are moist
• Continental air mass


  Low pressure - air warms and rises
• Maritime air mass


  High pressure - air cools and sinks
• Wind


  Moving air, caused by uneven heating of the earth's surface
• Types of wind


  • Global wind
  • Local wind
• Global wind


  Wind that occur in belts and go around the plane
• Local wind


  Flow to smaller area because of air pressure
• Types of local wind

  • Land breeze
  • Sea breeze
• Land breeze


  Wind from land to sea (occurs in summer)
• Sea breeze


  Wind from sea to land (occurs during the night or early morning)
• Precipitation


  Movement of water from the atmosphere to earth's surface
• Types of precipitation


  • Rain
  • Snow
  • Freezing rain
  • Sleet
• Rain


  Falls out when clouds become heavy with condensed water droplets
• Snow


  Occurs when temperature in the cloud is below freezing point, changing water vapor into ice crystals
• Freezing rain


  Forms when melted snow falls and turns into solid as it hits the ground
• Sleet


  Forms when snow melts and refreezes as it falls through the layers of cold air
• Weather disturbances


  A change in atmospheric conditions or weather patterns
• Types of weather disturbances

  • Thunderstorm
  • Tropical Cyclone
• Thunderstorm


  A small scale weather system that has lightning and thunder, produced by funnel-cumulonimbus clouds, brings gusty winds, heavy rains, sometimes hail
• Lightning


  Build up of discharge electrical energy
• Thunder


  The loud sound
• Tropical Cyclone


  A low pressure system that forms near the equator, cyclonic - swirl around a central eye
• Parts of a tropical cyclone

  • Eye
  • Eye Wall
  • Rainbands
• Names of tropical cyclone

  • Cyclone
  • Hurricane
  • Typhoon
• Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)


  Boundary that if crossed the cyclone will be turned into typhoon, tropical cyclones that have 62km/h wind speed from the West Philippine Sea are likely to enter PAR
• Naming of Typhoons in the Philippines

  Named By PAGSA and is by alphabetical order
• Types of Tropical Cyclone in the Philippines

  • Tropical Depression: less than 62km/h
  • Tropical Storm: 62-88km/h
  • Severe Tropical Storm: 89-117km/h
  • Typhoon: 118-184km/h
  • Super Typhoon: 185km/h or higher
• Monsoon


  Comes from the arab word "mansim" which means seasonal winds, large scale sea breezes