STS Historical Antecedents

• hieroglyphical script


  the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas. 
• mica


  mineral which Mayans built looms for weaving cloth and devised a rainbow of glitter paints
• venus


  the most important heavenly body for the Mayans.
• ANTISPASMODIC


  prevent muscle spasms and relax muscles
• CHINAMPA


  a form of Aztec technology for agricultural farming in which the land was divided into rectangular areas and surrounded by canals
• CANOE


  a light narrow boat used for traveling in water systems
• MESOAMERICA


  Derived from the Greek word which means "Middle America."
• MESOAMERICA


  Includes the entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to the border of South America.
• MESOAMERICA


  Rich in culture and knowledge prior to the arrival of its European colonizers.
• MAYA CIVILIZATION


  A Mesoamerican civilization commenced in around 2600 B.C. and ended in 1697 A.D.
• Maya Hieroglyphical


  the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas.
• MAYA CIVILIZATION


  Ruled by prince and priests and was not abolished like other cultures, but moderately disappeared.
• MAYA CIVILIZATION


  People are known for their works in astronomy and incorporated their advanced understanding of it into their temples and other religious structures.
• Mayans


  built looms for weaving cloth and devised a rainbow of glitter paints made from a mineral called mica.
• INCA CIVILIZATION


  Largest empire that developed and extended approximately 2500 miles included around 16 million people.
• INCA CIVILIZATION


  Famous for stonework and build stone temples without using mortars.
• INCA CIVILIZATION


  Mighty at its height, but it was defeated by the Spanish.
• AZTEC EMPIRE


  Or the Triple Alliance was an alliance of three Nahua altepetl city-states.
• Mandatory education

  Chocolates

  Aztec calendar


  Some contributions of Aztec Civilization
• AZTEC EMPIRE


  Ruled the area in and around the Valley of Mexico from 1428 until the combined forces of the Spanish conquistadores defeated them in 1521.
• Nahua


  Descendants of Aztec Civilization.
• ASIA


  Biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient civilizations.
• ASIA


  Host to many cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities of all ages.
• INDIAN CIVILIZATION


  A huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies of water and by huge mountains.
• INDIAN CIVILIZATION


  Known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works.
• Ayurveda


  system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2300 B.C.
• Susruta Samhita


  describes different surgical and other medical procedures.
• INDIAN CIVILIZATION


  Notable in the field of astronomy and developed theories on the configuration of the universe, the spherical self-supporting Earth, and a year of 360 days with 12 equal parts of 30 days each.
• Brahmagupta


  suggested that gravity was a force of attraction, and lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
• Madhava of Sangamagrama


  is considered as the founder of mathematical analysis.
• CHINESE CIVILIZATION


  One of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in many areas of life like medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts, philosophy, and music, among others.
• CHINESE CIVILIZATION


  Discovered various medical properties and uses of different plants and animals to cure human illnesses, like the practice of acupuncture.
• MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATION


  Are dominantly occupied by Muslims.
• Golden Age of Islam

  lasted from 7th to 8th century until the 13th century.
• Ibn al-Haytham


  Widely regarded as the Father of Modern Optics for his influential Book of Optics. First person to test hypotheses with verifiable experiments.
• Book of Optics


  contains empirical proof of the intromission theory of light.
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi


  gave his name to the concept of the algorithm.
• Algebra


  derived from al-jabr.
• Jabir ibn Hayyan


  some considered him to be the "Father of Chemistry."
• Ibn Sina


  pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials.