UMAY

• Reproduction - A process by which organisms give rise to young ones (offspring) similar to itself
• Asexual Reproduction - Requires only one parent
• Asexual Reproduction - Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent
• asexual reproduction - Most unicellular organisms reproduce this way
• asexual reproduction - mitosis
• binary fission - where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two
• budding - whereby a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently
• Sporulation - Airborne cells that are released from the parent. They are enclosed and developed when the environment is appropriate
• Regeneration - when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one
• fragmentation - whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals
• vegetative propagation - relies on multi-cellular structures formed by the parent plant
• vegetative propagation - employed to multiply stocks of plants
• sexual reproduction - Requires two parents that each share ½ of the genetic information.
• sexual reproduction - Offspring share the characteristics of each parent
• sexual reproduction - meiosis
• allogamy - cross pollination
• autogamy - self-pollination
• Asexual reproduction produces more offspring
• Asexual reproduction takes less time
• asexual reproduction - Only one parent involved. No searching for mates
• asexual reproduction - Requires less energy
• sexual reproduction - Variation in offspring
• sexual reproduction - organism is more protected because of genetic variation
• sexual reproduction - Requires more cellular energy
• sexual reproduction - More time required for offspring development
• Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants
• Sepals - The outermost whorls of a flower; collectively called the calyx
• Petals - Whorl inner to the sepals; may be brightly colored in some; collectively called the corolla
• Stamen - Whorl inner to the petals; the male reproductive structure of the flower; bears the male sporangia (also known as microsporangia)
• Anther - Part of the stamen that contains the microsporangia that develops into pollen grains
• Filament - Part of the stamen that serves as the stalk of the anther
• Pistil or carpels - Innermost whorl of the flower; the female reproductive structure of the flower; bears the female sporangia (also known as the megasporangia)
• Stigma - Part of the pistil where the pollen grain derived from the microsporangium attaches during pollination
• Style - Part of the pistil that serves as the stalk of the stigma; leads to the ovary
• Ovary - Found at the base of the pistil; contains one or more ovules; eventually becomes the fruit
• Ovule - Contains the female sporangia or megasporangia; eventually becomes the seed
• two way of sexual reproduction in animal kingdom

  1. internally
  2. externally
• internally - the egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female.
• Externally - The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female
• externally - The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes them