Reproduction - A process by which organisms give rise to young ones (offspring) similar to itself
Asexual Reproduction - Requires only one parent
Asexual Reproduction - Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent
asexual reproduction - Most unicellular organisms reproduce this way
asexual reproduction - mitosis
binary fission - where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two
budding - whereby a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently
Sporulation - Airborne cells that are released from the parent. They are enclosed and developed when the environment is appropriate
Regeneration - when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one
fragmentation - whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals
vegetative propagation - relies on multi-cellular structures formed by the parent plant
vegetative propagation - employed to multiply stocks of plants
sexual reproduction - Requires two parents that each share ½ of the genetic information.
sexual reproduction - Offspring share the characteristics of each parent
sexual reproduction - meiosis
allogamy - cross pollination
autogamy - self-pollination
Asexual reproduction produces more offspring
Asexual reproduction takes less time
asexual reproduction - Only one parent involved. No searching for mates
asexual reproduction - Requires less energy
sexual reproduction - Variation in offspring
sexual reproduction - organism is more protected because of genetic variation
sexual reproduction - Requires more cellular energy
sexual reproduction - More time required for offspring development
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants
Sepals - The outermost whorls of a flower; collectively called the calyx
Petals - Whorl inner to the sepals; may be brightly colored in some; collectively called the corolla
Stamen - Whorl inner to the petals; the male reproductive structure of the flower; bears the male sporangia (also known as microsporangia)
Anther - Part of the stamen that contains the microsporangia that develops into pollen grains
Filament - Part of the stamen that serves as the stalk of the anther
Pistil or carpels - Innermost whorl of the flower; the female reproductive structure of the flower; bears the female sporangia (also known as the megasporangia)
Stigma - Part of the pistil where the pollen grain derived from the microsporangium attaches during pollination
Style - Part of the pistil that serves as the stalk of the stigma; leads to the ovary
Ovary - Found at the base of the pistil; contains one or more ovules; eventually becomes the fruit
Ovule - Contains the female sporangia or megasporangia; eventually becomes the seed
two way of sexual reproduction in animal kingdom
internally
externally
internally - the egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female.
Externally - The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female
externally - The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes them