1.1 Monomers and Polymers

Created by

kai jones

Cards (22)

Is alpha-glucose found in plants and humans?
It is found in humans and plants
Is beta-glucose found in plants and humans?
It is found in plants.
What bonds do disccharides form?
Glycosidic bonds
What are plant and algae cell walls made of?
Cellulose microfibrils
Why do many hydrogen bonds make cellulose strong?
Many hydrogen bonds form long, straight and unbranched chains which form microfibrils. These join to make cellulose.
What is a monosaccharide?
Single Sugar Molecule (Glucose).
They all have 6 carbon atoms and are hexose sugars.
They all have a formula of C6H12O6.
Why is glycogen's highly branched structure useful?
It provides more free ends for enzymes to act on so it's quicker to hydrolyse glucose for a higher metabolic rate.
Where are starch and glycogen molecules found? + their functions.
Starch is found as starch granuals in plant cells.
Glycogen is found in animal muscle and liver cells.
Their function is as an energy store.
What are the three polysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen and cellulose
What is the result of these reactions? + the general formula of the disaccharides formed
Glucose + Glucose --> Maltose + water
Glucose + Galactose --> Lactose + water
Glucose + Fructose --> Sucrose + water
General formula =C12H22O11
How is a polysaccharide formed?
Many monosaccharides join with a glycosidic bond via condensation reactions. This releases water molecules to form disaccharides then polysaccharides
Describe the structure of two beta glucoses bonded to eachover
They bond to eachover to produce long straight chains.
How is the structure of starch suited to its function? [3]
It's insoluble so doesn't effect the water potential of cells.
It's a large molecule so can't diffuse out of the cell.
It has a helical structure so lots of it can be stored tightly.
How is cellulose made? + explain the strength of its structure? [5]
Cellulose is made from a chain of beta glucoses. Glycosidic bonds are between the two beta glucose molecules and water is released in this condensation reaction. Many more beta glucoses will combine to eventually form cellulose. It has a strong structure due to having many hydrogen bonds.
Describe the resulting structure of two alpha-glucoses combining.
Coiled chains and a highly branched molecule.
State the function and structure of starch. [4]
Its function is as an energy store. Its structure is a polymer of alpha glucose which is insoluble and two bonded together can either form:
Amylose, a highly coiled helical structure.
Amylopectin, which has branched chains.
How are starch and glycogen similar and different?
Both are polymers of alpha glucose and both are insoluble. Glycogen is more highly branched and has shorter chains.
Name the monomer present in cellulose
beta glucose
Draw the structure of alpha-glucose.
alpha-glucose:
Draw the structure of beta-glucose.
beta-glucose:
Describe the structure of glycogen.
Glycogen is made of alpha glucoses bonded by glycocidic bonds, due to this is has a highly branched structure.
How do glycogen and starch act as a source of energy?
They can be hydrolysed into glucose which is used in respiration