TLE

• mean marking of plants position in the field

  layout
• may also include provision for roads, water darinage and farm buildings


  layout
• critical palnning is..

  deemed important
• characterized by "plant to plant and row distance"


  square system
• means distance from plant and row to row in the same or equidistant from each other


  "plant to plant and row distance"
• a plant positiond at the right angle of each other and for every four plants a ..... is formed


  square shaped
• similar to square system

  rectangular system
• has more space between rows and between the plants in a row

  rectangular system
• facilitates efficacy of land use


  haxagonal or triangular ystem
• suitable for fertile land with good supply of water

  haxagonal or triangular system
• modification of square system

  quincunx system
• wherein an additional plant (?plant) is placed at the center of a square forming a diamond shape

  filler plant, quincunx system
• will be removed when the commercial plants starts fruiting

  filler plants
• commonly used in slope area or hills

  contour system
• plants are planted in lines/rows following the ?

  contour of the land
• this system aims to minimize soil erosion and preserve soil moisture

  contour system
• an important essential input in production of horticulture

  water
• horticulture crop thus ? and continuous supply necessary


  adequate
• if the supply of good water is not enough, an artificial application is required. This is called

  Irrigation
• 3 parts of irrigation system

  delivery

  application

  disposal
• transferred to the fieled or where the crops grown


  delivery
• distribution of water in each field


  application
• distribute the water thru?


  pipelines, sprinklers lines and nozzles
• where is recycled or disposed

  disposal
• widely utilized irrigation system in which application of water is thru overland flow or gravity flow

  surface irrigation
• highly-efficient watering technique that reduce outdoor water by?

  30 to 40%
• system that consist of drip irrigation tubing planting aboved 5inches below the surface

  subsurface irrigation
• the water goes straight to the ?

  lawn's roots
• application of water which is similar to the action of rainfall

  sprinkler irrigation
• the distribution of water thru under ground pipes

  drip irrigation
• it is directly taken up by the roots of the plants

  drip irrigatin
• uses high volume to achieve an even and rapid distribution of water in a field enclosed by ridges

  basin irrigation
• the field is similar to a basin ...?

  full of water
• suitable for soil with moderate to high water holding capacity

  basin irrigation
• uses small shallow channels or furrows where water flows

  furrow irrigation
• it is suited to field with moderate to high slope so that water runs freely and reaches the end of the furrows.

  furrow irrigation
• one disadvantage of furrow irrigation?


  there is more water in the head of furrow than the end