chem

• heating curve


  graphical representation of the relationship between internal energy and temperature when internal energy is increased
• internal energy


  the total kinetic energy in a given sample resulting from the motion of molecules and particles
• cooling curve


  graphical representation of the relationship between internal energy and temperature when internal energy is decreased
• boiling point


  The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
• melting point


  The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
• heat of fusion


  the amount of energy needed for the intermolecular forces of solid to weaken transforming them to liquid
• heat of vaporization


  the amount of energy needed for the intermolecular forces of liquid to transfrom them to gas
• specific heat


  The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius
• What happens to the temperature of substance when we increase the internal energy?

  Kinetic energy is increased therefure the temperature is increased.
• What happens whewn you continously increase temperature?

  Changing temperature without pressure will change states of matter when boiling, melting, and sublimation points are reached.
• If we graph the temperature and the energy absorbed while the energy increases are we going to have a straight diagonal line?


  No, we will have a horizontal line since the temperature is the same regardless of the increase of energy and in these parts the energy is consumed to transform from one phase to another.
• What is the formula for heat of fusion?


  Q=mHf
• What is the formula for heat of vaporization?


  Q=mHv
• What is the formula for phase change?

  Q= ms delta T
• Specific heat of water

  4.186 J/gC
• Specific heat of ice

  2.090 J/g C
• Specific heat of steam

  2.010 J/g C
• Heat of fusion value

  334 J/g
• Heat of Vaporization


  2260 J/g
• What is solution made out of?


  solute and solvent
• What affects solubility?


  temperature, agitation, pressure, nature of solute and solvent, surface area
• How do you solve for mass percent?

  g of solute/g of solution x 100
• How do you solve for volume percent?


  ml of solute/ ml of solution x 100
• How do you solve for mass/ volume percent?


  g of solute/ mL of solution x 100
• How do you solve for ppm?

  grams of solute/ grams of solution x1,000, 000
• What is mole fraction?

  the ratio of moles of one substance in a mixture to the total number of moles of all substances?
• what is molality?


  moles of solute/kg of solvent
• What is molarity?


  moles of solute/liters of solution
• grams to moles


  (given gram) (1 mol/ molar mass)
• what is energy?


  refers to the capacity to do work or supple heat
• potential energy


  energy at rest
• kinetic energy


  energy in motion
• What is a system?


  It could be a reactant, product, or a reaction vessel including its components.
• What is surrounding?


  It refers to the system's immediate environment /things found outside the system
• Universe


  system + surroundings
• Heat


  energy that is either released or abosrbed due to differences in temperature conditions
• Temperature


  a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
• Internal energy


  total energy of a closed system
• open system


  can exchange both energy and matter with the surroundings
• closed system


  can exchange only energy with its surroundings