Female reproductive system pr2.

• Oogenesis is the process by which an egg develops from a primordial germ cell.
• The ovaries are the female gonads, which produce eggs (ova) and secrete estrogen.
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicular growth and maturation.
• What would happen to an egg cell if they did not meet within 24 hours?

  The egg will disintegrate
• What is the average time the menstrual cycle will last?

  28 to 30 days
• When is the start of the menstrual cycle?

  Day 1 of bleeding
• FUNCTIONS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  1 Production of female sex cells.

  2. Reception of sperm cells from the male.

  3. Nurturing the development of and providing nourishment for the new individual.

  4. Production of female sex hormones.
• FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IS CONSIST OF:

  THE OVARIES,

  FALLOPIAN TUBES,

  UTERUS,

  VAGINA,

  EXTERNAL GENITALIA, AND

  MAMMARY GLANDS
• Small organs suspended in the pelvic cavity by ligaments

  Solid, ovoid structures, about 2 cm in length and 1 cm in width.

  Like the testes, they develop from embryonic tissue along the posterior abdominal wall, near the kidneys.

  OVARIES
• Carries an egg from the ovary to the uterus

  Receive the ovulated oocyte and provide a site for fertilization

  UTERINE TUBES (FALLOPIAN TUBES)
• Function of fallopian tube


  to assist in the transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary, to the uterus.
• Four parts (lateral to medial) of UTERINE TUBES (FALLOPIAN TUBES)

  Fimbriae

  Infundibulum

  Ampulla

  Isthmus
• finger-like, ciliated

  projections which capture the

  ovum from the surface of the

  ovary.

  Fimbriae (malapit sa ovary)
• funnel-shaped

  opening near the ovary to

  which fimbriae are attached.

  Infundibulum
• widest section of the uterine tubes. Fertilization usually occurs here. And this is also the site where an ovum will wait for a sperm cell


  Ampulla
• narrow section of the uterine tubes connecting the ampulla to the uterine cavity. (malapit na sa uterus)

  Isthmus
• This the site where the fetus will develop

  inverted pear shaped muscular organ;

  Hollow, thick walled organ

  located in the pelvis anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder

  
  

  
  

  UTERUS
• Parts of the Uterus:

  Fundus

  Body

  Cervix
• Part of the uterus: Rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes (they are located at the top of the uterus)

  Fundus
• Part of the uterus: Major portion of

  the uterus; usual site

  for implantation of the blastocyst.

  Body
• Lower part of uterus connecting it with the vagina.

  Cervix
• The uterine wall is composed of Three Layers:

  Peritoneum

  Myometrium

  Endometrium
• Layer of Uterus: a double layered membrane, continuous with the abdominal peritoneum. Also known as the perimetrium.


  Peritoneum
• Layer of uterus: thick smooth muscle layer (3 layers of smooth muscle). Cells of this layer undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy in preparation to expel the fetus at birth.


  Myometrium
• Layer of uterus: inner mucous membrane lining the uterus. Simple columnar epithelium; the most active layer and responds to cyclic ovarian hormone changes (nagsshed kapag bleedinh)

  Endometrium
• Narrow lower neck (portion) of the uterus which projects into the vagina inferiorly. This part open and closes (open when theres a ovulated oocyte and not if theres no ovum)

  CERVIX
• Thin-walled tube lying between the bladder and the rectum, extending from the cervix to the exterior of the body

  It extends from the vulva to the cervix

  Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an incomplete partition called the hymen.

  Roles: Sexual intercourse, Childbirth & Menstruation 


  Vagina
• is the collective name for the external female genitalia located in the pubic region of the body.

  The Vulva (Pudendum)
• Mons pubis


  fatty pad over the pubic symphysis
• folds of skin encircling vestibule where find urethral and vaginal openings

  Labia majora & minora
• small mass of erectile tissue

  Clitoris
• Bulb of vestibule


  masses of erectile tissue just deep to the labia on either side of the vaginal orifice or urethral orifice.
• (Clinical) Perineum


  Area between the vagina and anus
• glands that lubricate the vagina

  Bartholin's glands
• an accessory gland of the female reproductive system.

  The mammary glands are the key structures involved in lactation.


  MAMMARY GLANDS (THE BREAST)
• The process of formation of female gametes occurs in the outermost layers of the ovaries.

  Oogenesis
• Oogenesis process:

  starts with a germ cell called oogonium (plural: oogonia) and undergoes mitosis to increase in number.

  begins inside the fetus before birth
• Oogenesis process:

  The steps in oogenesis up to the production of primary oocytes occur before birth.

  Primary oocytes do not divide further. They either become secondary oocytes (fertilization) or degenerate.
• Oogenesis summary:

  1. oocytes (dormant, every female has them since birth)

  2. FSH hormone wakes up primary oocytes to become primary follicles

  3. Primary follicles develop into secondary follicles (squamous epithelium to cuboidal epithelium)

  4. Secondary follicles continue to grow into tertiary/graafian follicle
• Oogenesis summary:

  5. Tertiary/graafian follicle bulges out and ovulation occurs

  6. Follicle fixes itself and turns into corpus luteum