AMINO ACIDS

• proteins

  • high molecular weight
  • chains of amino acids
  • component of all living cells
  • contains CHON(SPX)
  • broken down into basic building blocks called "AMINO ACIDS"
• 
  

  Alpha carbon:

  • 4 different groups attached
  • chiral
  • asymmetric
  • optically active
• optically activity

  • ordinary light
  • plane-polarized light
  • polarimeter
  • optically active
• ordinary light


  light that vibrates sa perpendicular plane
• plane-polarized light


  light vibrating sa parallel plane
• polarimeter


  instrument na nagmemeasure ng ability ng isang compound marotate yung plane sa plane - polarized light
• optically active


  shows how a compound rotates the plane in a plane-polarized light
• structure of amino acids


  glycine

  alanine

  valine

  leucine

  isoleucine

  phenylalanine

  tryptophan

  methionine

  cysteine

  proline

  serine

  threonine

  tyrosine

  aspartic acid

  asparagine

  glutamic acid

  glutamine

  lysine

  arginine

  histidine
• Glycine, Gly, G

  • simplest form
  • H is the R group

  
• Alanine, Ala, A

  • May CH3

  
• Valine, Val, V

  • looks like letter B

  
• Leucine, Leu, L

  • one methyl group
  • parang letter Y

  
• Isoleucine, Ile, I


  look

  
• Phenylalanine, Phe, F

  
• Tryptophan, Trp, W

  
• methionine, met, m

  
• cysteine, cys, c

  
• proline, pro, p

  
• serine, ser s

  
• threonine, thr, t

  
• tyrosine, tyr, y

  • may phenol group

  
• aspartic acid, asp, d

  • acidic kasi dalawa COH

  
• asparagine, asn, n

  • aspartic na h2n

  
• glutamine, gln, n

  
• glutamic acid, glu, e

  
• lysine, lys, k

  • longest and most ch2

  
• arginine, arg, r

  • may guanido group

  
• histidine, his, h

  • imidazole group

  
• neutral non polar on water


  gly, ala, val, leu, ile, phe, trp, met, cys, pro
• neutral polar


  ser, thr, tyr, asn, gln
• acidic


  asp, glu
• basic


  lys, arg, his
• aliphatic


  gly, ala, val, leu, ile
• aromatic

  phe, tyr, trp
• hydroxyamine


  ser, thr
• sulfur


  cys, cys-cys, met
• imino


  pro, OH-pro
• acidic according to r grp


  asp, glu
• basic accrding to r grp


  lys, arg, his
• physical properties

  • white, crystalline solids
  • soluble in water (except cys & tyr)
  • soluble in hot water = cys & tyr
  • soluble in alcohol, except pro & OH-pro
  • most are sweet but LEU is tasteless, ARG is bitter
  • proline is not NH2 free