Early Scientist

• Carolus Lineous is a swedish naturalist and explorer that was the first frame principles for defining natural genera and species of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them, known as Binomial Nomenclature.
• Carolus Lineous is known as the Father of Taxonomy.
• 1735 - Carolus Lineous published his classification system in a work called System Naturae (System of Nature)
• Domain -This is the highest taxon in Linnaean Taxonomy, representing the major divisions of organisms including plant and animal kingdom.
• Kingdom - Division of Domain.
• Phylum - Division of kingdom.
• Class - The division of phylum.
• Order - This taxon is a division of a class.
• Family - This taxon is a division of a Order.
• Genus - This taxon is a division of a Family.
• Species - This taxon is a division of a Genus.
• Thomas Malthus was an English economist and demographer best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction.
• In 1798 Thomas Malthus published anonymously An Essay on the Principle of Population
• Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) - joined the fledgling National Museum in Paris in 1795. He then used his knowledge to interpret fossils with unprecedented insight.
• James Hutton (1726 - 1797) - Hutton was also the first person to propose a mechanism of natural selection to account for evolutionary change over time.
• The theory of uniformitarianism states that the processes by which current geological features were created were slow, steady, and constant. It is published by Charles Lyell.
• John Baptiste Lamarck is best known for his contributions to evolution, or Lamarckism, which suggests organisms acquire or lose traits based on how much they use them in their lives.
• The inheritance of acquired characteristics is a theory that physiological changes acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed down to the offspring. It is also known as adaptation theory, and its sometimes confused with Lamarckism
• The Theory of Evolution by natural selection was first formulated in Charles Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" published in 1859.
• Natural Selection- According to the theory, individuals with traits that enable them to adapt to their environments will help them survive and have more offspring, which will inherit those traits. Individuals with less adaptive traits will less frequently survive to pass them on.
• Mutation • a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA
• Gene Flow • also called migration — is any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another.
• Recombination • Genetic recombination is the exchange of genetic material between different organisms which leads to production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
• Genetic Drift • is the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance. • may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation.
• Cohesive Theory - Lamarck is best known for his contributions to evolution, or Lamarckism, which suggests organisms acquire or lose traits based on how much they use them in their lives