Biology

• Saprotrophic nutrition is when fungi secretes enzymes out of their cells onto dead organism then products of digestion are absorbed by the fungi . The enzymes digest the organic material- extra cellular digestion
• The different types of pathogens are viruses, bacteria, protoctists and fungi
• Viruses aren’t living organisms because they don’t grow and they cant make their own energy
• bacteria lacks a nucleus, has no Mitochondria and has no chloroplast
• Control internal conditions is keeping comditions in your body within a narrow range
• Bile emulsifies fat and turns large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets
• Ebola affects animals and affects the immune system
• Adult stem cells and embryonic can both divide
• Adult cells are found in some tissues and organs
• Unspecialised cells develop into specialised cells with specific functions
• Red blood cells are smaller than white blood cells
• The cell wall contains cellulose to provide support
• A tissue is a group of similar cells working together
• Stem cells divide over and over again to produce new tissue
• Benedict’s test is for testing for glucose and colour will be orange it has to be heated
• Biruet test is for proteins and will turn purple
• Iodine test is for starch and will turn blue black
• Ethanol test is for fat and will form white emulsion
• Food goes down the oesophagus by muscle contractions called persitalsis
• Coeliac disease causes growth to reduce, less absorptio, fewer capillaries, lack of vilil,
• The diaphragm is made of muscle
• When breathing in, external intercostal muscles contract and tighten while internal relax, diaohragm contracts and flattens to increase space, ribs move , thorax volume increases
• The substrate of amylase is starch
• The substrate of lipase is fat
• Pepsin digests proteins into amino acids
• Aerobic respiration formula is glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
• In transport the stomata allows diffusion, creates a transpiration pull, osmosis, water absorbed by root
• In gas exchange ethanol stomata allows oxygen out and carbon dioxide in, diffusion, photosynthesis