4B

• Interphase


  The first stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle which involves cellular growth and duplication of chromosomes. Composed of three phases: G1, S, and G2
• Chromosome


  A structure composed of DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins. Carries the genetic information (genes) of a cell
• Mitosis


  The second stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle, which involves the complete separation of sister chromatids and nuclei
• Sister Chromatids


  The two identical halves of a replicated chromosome
• Cytokinesis


  The division of the cytoplasm and formation of two daughter cells
• Chromatin


  Chromosomes (DNA and proteins) that have been unwound and loosely packed during interphase
• Quiescent


  Dormant-cells which can re-enter the cell cycle
• Terminally Differentiated


  Cells that have fully specialized and no longer replicate
• Chromatid


  One half of a double-stranded chromosome
• Centromere


  The structure which holds sister chromatids together
• Somatic Cells


  Any cell that is not a reproductive cell (such as sperm and egg cells) Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes - one inherited from each parent
• Diploid


  Cells or organisms that have two sets of chromosomes (2n)
• Daughter Cell


  The formation of a new cell following cell replication
• Chromosome Condensation


  The shortening and thickening of chromosomes, as DNA is tightly wrapped around histone proteins
• Centrioles 


  Cylindrical structures composed of protein which form the spindle fibres during mitosis and meiosis
• Spindle Fibers


  Structures which aid in the movement of chromosomes to either pole of the cell during mitosis and meiosis
• Equator


  The center line between opposite ends of the cell that the chromosomes line up on during metaphase
• Cleavage Furrow


  An indentation of the plasma membrane during cytokinesis
• Cell Plate


  A component involved in the formation of a cell wall