ENG 4th Quarter Reviewer

• Hyperbole


  Exaggerated statement or claim not meant to be taken literally, often used for emphasis or effect
• Parallelism


  Repetition of grammatical structures in phrases or sentences to create rhythm and balance
• Irony


  Contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually happens, often resulting in a humorous or unexpected outcome
• Antithesis


  Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas or words within a sentence or parallel structures
• Metonymy


  Figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated
• Oxymoron


  Figure of speech that combines contradictory terms to create a paradoxical effect
• Synecdoche


  Figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or the whole is used to represent a part
• Euphemism


  Mild or indirect word or expression used in place of one that may be considered too harsh, unpleasant, or blunt
• Allegory


  Narrative or story in which characters, events, and settings symbolize abstract qualities or concepts, often with a moral or philosophical message
• Juxtaposition


  Act of placing two or more things side by side or close together, often for the purpose of comparison or contrast
• Short Story


  • Relatively brief narratives, typically ranging from a few pages to around 20,000 words
  • Focus on a single plot or incident and are usually limited to one main conflict or theme
  • Offer limited character development and thematic exploration due to their shorter length
• Novel


  • Longer works of fiction, usually exceeding 50,000 words in length and often spanning multiple chapters or volumes
  • Have more complex structures, with multiple subplots, characters, and themes that unfold over the course of the narrative
  • Allow for deeper exploration of characters, themes, and settings, as authors have more space to develop their ideas and narratives
• Play


  • Scripts written for performance on stage, typically consisting of dialogue and stage directions
  • Structured into acts and scenes, with dialogue and stage directions guiding the action and development of the story
  • Focus primarily on dialogue and action, with less emphasis on internal monologue or extensive character backstory compared to novels
• Narrative Elements


  • Characters
  • Setting
  • Plot
  • Conflict
  • Resolution
• Similarities between Short Story, Novel, and Play

  • Narrative Elements
  • Artistic Expression
  • Literary Techniques
  • Audience Engagement
  • Impact on Readers/Viewers
• The Minister's Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne


  Reverend Hooper shocks his congregation by wearing a black veil, leading to speculation about its meaning. Despite the veil's unsettling effect, Reverend Hooper continues to wear it until his death, refusing to reveal its significance.
• The story emphasizes the human tendency to judge others based on appearances and the importance of confronting hidden sins and secrets. It encourages readers to look beyond superficial judgments and embrace empathy and understanding.
• A Child's Story by Charles Dickens


  It is a story about a traveler who set out on a magical journey. The child narrates their journey through life, encountering various experiences and lessons along the way, from childhood innocence to adult understanding. The story highlights the resilience of the human spirit and the transformative power of growth and learning.
• The central theme underscores the importance of curiosity, perseverance, and self-discovery in navigating life's challenges. It encourages readers to embrace the journey of growth and to approach each experience with an open heart and mind.
• The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant


  Madame Loisel borrows a necklace to attend a high-society event but loses it, plunging her into debt to replace it. After years of hardship, she discovers the necklace was fake, realizing the folly of her vanity and desire for social status.
• The story critiques the emptiness of material desires and the destructive nature of vanity and greed. It warns against the pursuit of superficial wealth and status, urging readers to find contentment and fulfillment in simpler, genuine aspects of life.
• Three Questions by Leo Tolstoy

  A king seeks answers to three questions about the best time to do things, the most important people, and the right thing to do. Through his encounters with various individuals, he learns that the present moment is the most important, true greatness lies in serving others, and the right thing to do is always to do good.
• It suggests that the most meaningful answers to life's questions can be found through acts of kindness, service to others, and living in the present moment rather than dwelling on the uncertainties of the future.
• Creole Democracy by Rufino Blanco Fombona


  The story explores political intrigue and societal unrest in a fictional South American nation, depicting the struggles of various characters amidst political corruption and social upheaval.
• Through its portrayal of political turmoil and corruption, the story highlights the importance of civic engagement, social justice, and the pursuit of democracy. It encourages readers to resist oppression and advocate for positive change in their communities.
• To Build a Fire by Jack London


  A man struggles to survive in the harsh Yukon wilderness, underestimating the dangers of nature and succumbing to the extreme cold. Despite his efforts, he ultimately perishes due to his arrogance and lack of preparedness.