rws

• Claim


  Synonymous to belief, argument, assertion, or stand
• Good claim


  • Argumentative and debatable
  • Specific and focused
  • Interesting and engaging
  • Logical
• Claim


  A debatable set of words or a concept that allows the source to influence the receiver for acceptance
• Explicit claim


  Directly and clearly stated in the text; easily points out the information in the passage
• Implicit claim


  Indirectly expressed in the text and you need to look for clues or make inferences to understand its meaning
• Three types of claims

  • Claim of Fact
  • Claim of Policy
  • Claim of Value
• Claim of Fact


  A statement that reports, describes predicts, make causal claims, or whether something is a settled fact
• Claim of Policy


  The argument where actions should be carried out; also called claim of solution because it suggests and supports policies and solutions, and the action to be taken is based on the results
• Claim of Value


  An argument based on morality, belief, ethics, or philosophy; also called claim of judgment because the reader has to decide whether the argument or proposition is right or wrong or has to be accepted or rejected
• Research report


  A long, formal essay, usually five to fifteen pages in length, which presents the writer's views and findings on a chosen subject
• Components of a research report


  • Title
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methodology
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Reference
• Title


  It reflects the content and emphasis of the project described in the report. It should be as short as possible, including essential key words.
• Abstract


  An overview of the research study, typically two to four paragraphs in length containing 200-300 words. It gathers the key elements of the remaining sections into a few sentences.
• Introduction


  Provides the key question that the researcher is attempting to answer, a review of relevant literature, a rationale of why the research is important, a hypothesis, and a summary of the key question following the completion of the research.
• Methodology


  The most important section as it allows readers to evaluate the quality of the research and provides details for replication. It is typically arranged in chronological order with the most important information on top.
• Results


  Contains the data and perhaps a short introduction. The interpretation of the data and analysis is reserved for the discussion section.
• Discussion


  Where the results of the study are interpreted and evaluated against the existing body of literature. It points out any anomalies found in the results and connects the results to the bigger picture.
• Project proposal


  A document written for problem solving, service provision, event planning, or equipment selling to convince the reader to do what the proposal suggests.
• Literature review


  A type of academic essay that examines what has already been written about a topic
• Proposals


  Used for internal (within an organization) and external (from one organization to another) purposes to generate income or seek funding for projects.
• Components and Purposes of Literature Reviews

  • Introduction
  • Main Body
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Introduction


  • Defines the topic and the scope being considered
  • Notes intentional exclusions
  • States the general findings of the review and the availability of the sources
• Guidelines for writing a proposal

  • Gather the data
  • Organize the data
  • Write the proposal
  • Revise the proposal
• Main Body


  • Organizes the evaluation of the sources whether chronologically or thematically
  • Showcases the critical summary and evaluation of the research premise, methodology, and conclusion
  • Uses grammatical connectors, relational words or phrases, and transitional devices
• Gathering the data


  Proposals need to be well-researched with concrete data from primary and secondary sources to back up claims and become more credible.
• Organizing the data


  Proposals become more effective if the information is clearly organized, using the parts of the proposal or an outline.
• Conclusion


  • Summarizes the key findings of the review
  • Offers the reviewer's justification of the conducted research
• Writing the proposal


  Fill out the parts of the proposal with the relevant data.
• References


  • Reflects the in-text citations
  • Contains complete and correct citations
• Revising the proposal


  Review the proposal for accuracy and organization before sending it out to ensure it is comprehensive and puts the organization in the best light.
• Literature Review Strategies


  • Summary
  • Analysis
  • Synthesis
  • Evaluation
• Summary


  State briefly the argument and main points of relevant research
• Formatting the project proposal


  • Informal proposal (2-4 pages)
  • Formal proposal (5+ pages)
• Analysis


  Examine closely the elements or structure of the research
• Standard parts of a proposal

  • Introduction (Rationale, Objectives, Benefits)
  • Project Description (Methodology, Schedule, Budget)
• Rationale


  Identifies the problem to be addressed and shows the need to solve it.
• Synthesis


  Combine ideas to form an integrated theory or system through critical evaluation, compare/contrast, etc.
• Evaluation


  Assess the research based on the criteria or rubric that you choose, state, and explain. Support it with another similar research.
• Objectives


  Reveal what the project intends to achieve in terms of results. Good objectives are SMART.
• Benefits


  Show what the reader or target audience can gain from the proposal, such as improvements in processes or systems, an increase in revenue, or a change in behavior.