5.9b Sustainable schemes of conservation + restoration
Cards (7)
- Bottom-up strategies
- local involvement
- appropriate technology
- soft engineering
- Three components of sustainability
- Environment
- Society
- Economy
- "criteria" of sustainability
- public participation - decentralised decision making to ensure appropriate management
- environment - high standards of protection + restoration of damaged water supplies
- Equity + social justice - equitable allocation between users to ensure secure and affordable prices - good governance
- Futurity - development of energy efficiency to manage demand yet ensuring security of future supplies
- smart irrigation
- "more crop per drop"
- replace traditional irrigation methods of sprinklers + surface flows with drip irrigation.
- drip irrigation targets plant roots and soil to prevent evaporation - can save enough water for $1.4 billion household needs worldwide.
- Greywater + recycling of water
- rainwater harvesting - precipitation collected from roofs + stored in water butts for toilets and watering gardens
- needs infrastructure and investment but is less costly afterwards
- Singapore
- small urban country -> Malaysia traditionally supplied 80% of its water but by 2010 it had halved
- water consumption fell from 165 litres/day in 2000 to 150 litres/day in 2015 through metering supply and education.
- leakage cut to 5%
- scaled water prices
- subsidies protect poorest citizens from expensive water
- local catchment, recycling and desalinated water.
- Singapore NEWater
- recycles used water into ultra-clean, high grade water -> resistance against dry weather and increased sustainability
- 5 plants supply 40% of Singapore's water needs
- By 2060 it will supply 55%
- diverging away from reliance of water imports from Malaysia
- Singapore is wealthy + small so can afford it and it is logistically possible